Glossary

Contents

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D

E

F

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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W

A

ABC Classification

An ABC classification is an inventory setting that identifies how often an item should be physically counted. “A” items have a high yearly usage cost and need to be counted the most often. “C” items have a low yearly usage cost and need to be counted the least often. Once inventoried items are assigned ABC classifications, you can create count sheets based on those classifications.

Accounts Payable Account

The Accounts Payable (AP) account is the offsetting account for invoicing entries. A financial system entry is generated to the AP account for each invoice posted in APM. The entry is for the full amount of the invoice. This entry offsets the values charged to the invoice line distribution accounts and the purchasing accrual accounts. This account must be a valid whole GL account number.

Acknowledge Alarm

Acknowledging an alarm is a way to tell APM that someone has seen the indicator alarm and is taking appropriate action. For example, in response to an indicator alarm, you might create a work order and a failure record.

Action Plan

An action plan in a strategy development analysis identifies an asset’s failure mode and recommends an action to prevent the failure or mitigate its consequences. For example, MTA2 and SIF action types are condition-based maintenance, failure-finding maintenance, scheduled restoration or discard, modification or redesign, and no scheduled maintenance (run to failure). RBI analyses support actions such as inspections, strategy, and modification or redesign.

See also Secondary Action Plan.

Action Scheduler

The Action Scheduler service runs on Windows in the background. At scheduled intervals, the Action Scheduler service logs on to APM, evaluates the list of scheduled actions, and turns the actions into Windows Task Scheduler tasks, which run independently of each other.

Activity Report

An activity report records the status of a work order task. Trades people can report completion status, asset status changes, labor charges, indicator readings, installed or removed components, downtime incidents, and more. Activity reports can also be used to track work delays. They can be opened from work orders or from scratch, for example, for emergency work.

Ad-hoc Reading

An ad-hoc reading is a single indicator reading that is not entered as part of a work order task or checksheet.

Adjustment

An adjustment transaction is what APM creates when count sheet results are different from the current inventory values. For example, if you counted 5 widgets, and APM had a record of 4 widgets, it would make an adjustment to the inventory by adding 1 widget. The cost of the adjustment will be credited or debited to a pre-determined account.

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Alarm Type

An alarm type describes the severity of the state of an indicator and ranks it numerically relative to the other states.

Anomaly Risk Assessment

APM can be configured to integrate with an external Anomaly Assessment and Tracking (AA&T) system. With the help of AWEIS and other middleware, anomaly events are sent to the AA&T system, which then becomes the master system for the anomaly events. Information, including event statuses, is sent to the anomaly event in APM to keep the two systems synchronized.

When the integration has been set up, you can perform risk assessment when acknowledging indicator alarms or creating requests for work. The resulting criticality is added to the new anomaly event and used to determine if the anomaly is actionable. Actionable events are sent to the AA&T system for the creation of notifications, which are then sent on to the CMMS (SAP) to generate maintenance orders.

APM Configuration

Utility for setting up the server manager (broker), server instances, and thick clients. The tool can run tests to ensure that the settings are correct and that they can communicate with the database. Create shortcuts, install a server as a service, set up an ODBC data source, and access the Settings Editor from the APM Configuration window.

APM Logging Utility

Administrators use the APM Logging utility to modify the logging.config file, adjusting the processes that are logged, logging levels, and targets. They can also copy, save, export, and import configuration files. Access the utility on the Settings Editor’s Logging tab.

APM Mobile Count Sheets

APM Mobile Count Sheets is a mobile application for collecting inventory counts in plant settings. Inventory count sheets are downloaded to personal mobile devices like smartphones or tablets, which are then used to perform the counts. When the count sheet is completed, you can upload it to the APM database for processing.

 

APM Mobile Inspections

APM Mobile Inspections is a mobile application for collecting maintenance data in plant settings. Checksheets for indicator readings are downloaded to personal mobile devices like smartphones or tablets. The device is used to collect data about the assets on an inspection route. Inspection typically involves entering readings from gauges or picking asset conditions from a list. When checksheets are completed, you can upload them to the APM database for processing.

 

APM Server Manager

The APM Server Manager is an IIS-hosted service that provides access to APM application servers for the purpose of load balancing, server monitoring, and so on. It is designed to simplify deployment, monitoring, management, and scaling-out of an APM implementation.

APM Service Monitor

The APM Service Monitor is a utility that can be installed and configured on the same machine as the Server Manager to notify users of a stale server and then restart the server. It can also send a notification when it encounters a server with the status “shutdown”.

Application Module

An application module, such as Implementation and Performance Management (IPM), is a subset of an APM product that can be enabled (or disabled) on particular sites. For example, an organization might enable the IPM module on all sites but enable the Reliability Strategy Development module on just one site. The site window displays only the views and functionality for its enabled modules.

Approval Limit

The approval limit identifies an approver's spending or authority limit and also controls the order in which requests are approved. An approval limit is set for each employee on each approval route. An employee may have different approval limits on different routes. Two approvers on the same route cannot have the same approval limit.

Approval Route

Approval routes are made up of one or more employees in your organization who have been set up as approvers, authorized to handle requests for document approval. When you set up an approval route, you identify the approvers who will review certain types of documents, such as work requests or purchase orders, and stipulate the maximum value these employees are authorized to approve.

Approver

Approvers in APM have the authority to approve or reject documents that are sent to them for approval using an approval route. Approvers have maximum approval limits for each approval route they are on. You can specify that an approver must review all requests.

When you set up an approval route, you will identify the approvers who will review the documents sent to the route. You can specify the maximum value these employees are authorized to approve.

Assembly

An assembly is a component asset that also includes other component assets installed in component locations. For example, an oil rig has a generator set as a component. The generator set, in turn, has a motor and a pump as components.

Asset

An asset is a physical piece of equipment or a collection of equipment (system) that you need to maintain. You can create an asset record for each asset. The asset record is used to keep track of all the information related to that asset. You can also create asset records for organizational areas, such as plants or departments.

Asset Activity Report

An asset activity report allows users to report on various activities for an asset, such as planned and completed tasks during a specific period of time. The report can include current information about the asset, for example, operating parameters, barriers, asset status, and degradation information.

Asset Activity Report Status

Your organization can use report statuses to track the progress of asset activity reports in APM. The status can also determine the actions that can be performed on the reports to which it is applied. For example, in one typical implementation, when a report has the status “Draft,” you can change its properties. When the status changes “Completed,” the report becomes read-only. When the appropriate status setting is enabled, you can apply the status manually to a report.

Asset Age

An asset’s age can be determined by referencing the date of manufacture, the current asset’s life start date, or by comparing both dates and using the later of the two. Asset age and current expected remaining life are displayed on the asset record. Asset age is often useful in determining asset health.

Asset Category

Asset category is identified on assets, providing a mechanism to group similar assets. For example, categories can be created for piping, vessels, and heat exchangers. You can set up a value list of categories in asset settings.

Asset Circuit

Asset circuits are a means of identifying assets that are related through their roles in a common process, their physical proximity, their composition or degradation stresses, or anything else. Examples of circuits are corrosion loops, electrical circuits, and safety instrumented systems. In APM, an asset’s identification with – or as – a circuit means that you can view information and select objects based on asset circuit references.

Asset Class

Asset class is identified on assets, providing a mechanism to group similar assets. For example, asset classes can be created for piping, vessels, and heat exchangers. You can set up a value list of classes in asset settings.

Asset Classification

APM groups assets into five asset classifications: maintainable, component, component location, organization, and asset group. Selecting the correct classification is important as it affects how APM treats the asset.

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Asset Condition Analysis

Asset condition analysis (ACA) allows you to assess the current state of assets, typically to determine at what intervals assets are to be repaired or replaced, based on your organization’s criteria. For example, criteria could include availability of parts and software, and frequency and effort of maintenance. The second part of the process is planning restoration spending using an asset restoration plan (ARP).

See also Asset Restoration Plan.

Asset Group

Asset groups are used to collect similar assets to make it easier to search for them or to compare data on similar assets. For example, you might want to group all 100 hp motors.

If your organization uses assemblies with components and component locations, you can set up an asset group for spare component assets. The “Spare” asset group will provide a parent asset for components that are not currently installed in a component location.

Asset Health Index

An asset health index is a numerical score assigned to an asset or a group of assets as a result of asset health calculations. An asset health index value generally ranges between zero and 100, in which higher index ratings denoting increased asset health. For example, a pump might have an asset health index of 37 (poor) based on the fact that it has received five maintenance work orders in the past year and is greater than seven years old.

Asset Health Monitoring

Asset health monitoring is a management process that focuses on identifying assets that are failing or due for replacement. Asset health indexes, which are numerical scores determined by asset health calculations, automate the process of identifying assets at risk. An asset health report displays the results of the calculations in the form of an online document. These reports can be generated manually or automatically according to a schedule.

Asset Hierarchy

The asset hierarchy is a representation of all the assets that contribute to the goals of your organization and how the assets relate to one another.

Asset Indicator

See Indicator.

Asset Life

The lifetime of a maintainable, system, sub system, or component asset starts when it is purchased and ends when it is scrapped. However, over the course of its lifetime, the asset can be rebuilt several times and restored to a “like new” condition. In APM, each of these restorations can mark the beginning of a new “asset life.” Each life is tracked with a number, a start date, and an end date. APM tracks costs and cumulative indicator information for each asset life, similar to the tracking for financial periods.

Asset Operating Condition

You can select asset operating conditions on standard tasks and on work order tasks to tell the people planning, scheduling, and performing the task what condition the asset must be in for the work to be started. For example, you might have an asset operating condition called “Shutdown.”

Asset Prioritization Analysis

Asset prioritization analysis (also known as equipment risk prioritization) is an organized and methodical procedure for assessing the importance of assets within your organization. A prioritization analysis identifies the business risks posed by an asset’s failure in terms of safety, environmental impact, and operational and non-operational consequences. It takes into account the asset’s probability or rate of failure.

See also Consequence of Failure and Consequence Priority Number.

Asset Program Profile

You can use asset program profiles to generate reliability and inspection programs for one or more assets at the same time. The profile specifies asset types and filters for selecting the specific assets to update, as well as the indicators, standard tasks, jobs, solution packages, and documents to assign to assets. If you are using the construction form feature, the profile also generates a checksheet for each of the assets’ standard tasks.

Asset Reliability Program

An asset reliability program is a set of pre-planned work (standard tasks and standard jobs) for an asset. You can also include triggering rules that define when this work is to be done. Standard tasks and standard jobs that are not triggered may also be included in an asset reliability program.

Asset Restoration Plan

An asset restoration plan (ARP) defines the steps and expected costs for improving assets that have reached, or will soon reach, an unacceptable condition. An ARP is typically based on an asset condition analysis (ACA) that identifies the assets requiring improvement.

See also Asset Condition Analysis.

Asset Status

Asset status represents the operational state of an asset and whether or not it is available for use. APM uses the status of an asset to determine whether or not work is triggered and whether or not components are available for installation. Sites can also use statuses, but these statuses are specific to sites and cannot be used for assets.

Status is particularly important for components because it reflects a component’s repair and availability status. For example, when a component is out of service, the status can also indicate whether the component is a spare and available for use, is in the shop for repair, is out for vendor repair, or has been scrapped.

When you change the status of a parent asset, the statuses of its children are also changed (provided the previous statuses of the assets were the same).

Asset Subtype and Specification

An asset subtype is a means of recording additional information about a type of asset. For example, the AC Motor subtype presents a tab in the Asset window where users can enter information such as voltage and insulation rating. Asset specifications have a similar purpose, but they are designed to record extensive information about an asset subcomponent, for example, a tank roof or shell, typically for use in RBI analysis.

Asset Type

Asset types are groups of settings that define the characteristics of your organization’s assets. For example, you might create asset types called “pumps” or “piping and valves.” The asset type contains basic information, policies, and permissions, such as whether or not standard jobs can be created for assets of the type. When you create an asset in APM, you must specify an asset type, which then determines the information and functionality available for the asset.

AsseWise Enterprise Interoperability

Bentley AssetWise Enterprise Interoperability Service (AWEIS) connects applications in a loosely coupled, services-oriented architecture. Bentley offers it as part of its cloud-based CONNECT services platform, providing Interoperability as a Service (IaaS) to facilitate exchanges between Bentley software products and between Bentley and third-party software solutions. Bentley’s interoperability offering addresses the needs of modern software deployment architectures, supporting cloud-hosted, standalone, and/or hybrid topologies.

Availability Workbench

Availability Workbench® from Isograph is a suite of products for the reliability and maintenance community. Availability Workbench contains the following products:

•

RCM Cost

•	Availability Simulation

•	Life Cycle Cost Analysis

•	Weibull Analysis

Using the APM integration plugin for Isograph, you can export failure modes from MTA2 and RCM2 analyses to Availability Workbench (AWB), where you can analyze and optimize the data. You can then import optimization results into the APM analysis, review the recommendations, and make appropriate changes to the action plans.

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B

Banner

The banner appears in APM views above the tabs. The banner shows information about the open object, such as the object’s name, number, and status. On a Site window, the banner also displays the APM employee name with which you logged on.

 

Blanket Order

A blanket order is a standing purchase order for items that you order on a regular basis. Blanket orders, like purchase orders, have a line for each item you order regularly from the supplier.

Blanket Order Release

A blanket order release is a single order for items ordered on a regular basis, created from the blanket order. When you need to purchase some or all of the items on a blanket order, you create a blanket order release and select the appropriate lines. The blanket order release is like a purchase order that you can receive and post.

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C

Calculated Indicator

A calculated indicator is an indicator that has its readings calculated using a formula, rather than entered manually by a person or electronically by an on-line system.

You can set up a calculated indicator to record information about an asset condition that is not directly available from a measuring device on the asset. For example, you could set up a calculated indicator to measure the efficiency of a pump. Because this is difficult to measure directly, you can create a formula that uses other indicators on the pump that you can measure. You can set up numeric, cumulative, and descriptive indicators as calculated indicators. You can use data from other asset indicators or from APM objects as part of the calculation.

Calculation Condition

A calculation condition denotes the status of an object at the time a calculation was performed. Calculation states use these conditions when determining the status of an object. Examples of conditions include excellent, good, fair, and bad. Each condition can also be assigned colors for a visual cue in tables and charts.

Calculation Input

A calculation input is a variable used in a calculation that represents data from the system. This data can be from two types of sources:

•	Based on indicator reading(s): data from an asset indicator

•	Based on a filter: data derived from one or more APM objects (for example, the total number of work orders based on a selected work type)

The name of the calculation input is used as a placeholder in the formula entered for a calculated or performance indicator.

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Cascaded Indicator

A cascaded indicator gets its readings from another asset indicator, instead of from a direct entry. Only cumulative indicators, such as indicators that track mileage, operating hours, production, etc., can be cascaded.

Cause

A cause is a site category that describes common causes of problems on assets of certain types. Each Problem category can be linked to many Cause and Remedy categories. Using problem categories can simplify the analysis of equipment failures.

See also Problem and Remedy.

Checksheet

A checksheet is a form that allows you to enter a set (or sample) of indicator readings in APM. The checksheet form contains information about the origin of the indicators, the list of indicators to be read, and space to record readings, make notes, and add inspection photographs and documents. You can create checksheets from a standard task, standard job, PM route, or work order task. You can also create ad hoc checksheets from a Site or Asset window and add the indicators to read.

Child Asset

A child asset has another asset as its parent in the asset hierarchy. For example, a truck may have its engine as a child asset. Note that a child asset is not the same as a component asset that is installed in a component location.

Child Schedule

A child schedule has other schedules above it in the schedule hierarchy. For example, a Monday schedule would be a child to a weekly schedule.

See also Parent Schedule.

Closed Status

“Closed” is a status on a work order or work order task. The Closed status indicates that the work has been completed. The work order or work order task cannot be modified or have costs charged to it unless it is reopened.

Collection Group

Collection group is one of the properties that can be assigned to a route asset on a standard task’s dynamic inspection route. Collection groups are typically used for large assets whose indicators are read at different points in the route. For example, indicators could be split into two groups: front and back indicators. The front and back of the asset might be visited at different times on the route or even on different routes (standard tasks).

Collection Set

Collection set is one of the matching criteria that can be used to select indicators for a standard task’s dynamic inspection route. You can create collection sets as required by your organization to identify indicators for different routes.

Comparative Analysis

Comparative analyses allow you to select multiple indicators in order to compare their readings over time. Analyses typically compare readings from similar indicators that can be numeric, calculated, cumulative, descriptive, or performance indicators. For example, a technician might want to compare pressure readings for a group of pumps over a six-month period. You can view the results in charts as well as tables, forms, and dashboards.

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Component

A component is a type of asset, such as a pump or motor, that can be moved from location to location. Component assets are installed in component locations. They are typically removed from a location when they need to be repaired or rebuilt. When returned from repair to the storeroom, they can be installed in another location. This cycle can be repeated until, after so many “lives,” they are scrapped. For each life, you can track costs and indicator reading trends.

Use component assets when you wish to track the installation history of both the component (the various locations in which it has been installed and the dates on which the installations took place) and the location (the components that have been installed and the dates on which they were installed).

Component Location

A component location is a placeholder for a component in the asset hierarchy. It represents the physical location or position for a component (for example, a frame or housing unit for a motor or the location of a pump on a pumping system).

In APM, you must identify the location as an asset in order to install and remove components. APM tracks the installation history of all components that have been installed in a location and vice versa. You can trigger work for a location (if you want the work to be done no matter what component is installed at the time the work is triggered), and you can also track work orders and indicator reading trends for the location.

Component Swapping

Component swapping is a process where you physically remove one component from a component location and replace it with another one. When you do this, you need to tell APM that the components have been swapped.

Condition-Based Maintenance

Condition-based maintenance is a task that entails checking for potential failures so that action can be taken to prevent the functional failure or to avoid consequences of the functional failure. Also referred to as an “on-condition task”.

Conditional Indicator Reading

A conditional indicator reading is added to a checksheet when an alarm reading has already been recorded and the indicator’s alarm state specifies a conditional indicator list. Readings are added for the conditional indicators so that additional checks or readings can be recorded on the checksheet.

Consequence of Failure

The term “failure consequence” is used in asset prioritization, reliability-centered maintenance (RCM2) analyses, and risk-based inspection analyses.

In asset prioritization analyses, failure consequence identifies the impact that a particular failure can have with respect to a specific prioritization criterion (for example, safety). Each of the failure consequences for a specific prioritization criterion is given a numeric value that is used to quantify the consequence.

For example, a safety consequence might be that multiple fatalities could occur in the event of a failure. Another consequence might be that there could be a minor injury such as a contusion or laceration. The multiple fatality consequence would be given the maximum score of 40, while the minor injury would be given a score of 20. If there would be no injury in the event of failure, the consequence would have a score of 0 (zero).

In RCM2 and RBI analyses, a failure consequence is the way or ways in which the effects of a failure mode or a multiple failure matter (evidence of failure, impact on safety, the environment, operational capability, direct and indirect repair costs).

See also Asset Prioritization Analysis.

Consequence Priority Number

A consequence priority number provides an indication of the relative priority of assets in the site. Priority numbers are calculated during an asset prioritization analysis. The priority number can be used to determine the order of work activities, and is used by the system to determine whether or not indicator alarms are shown on parent assets in the asset hierarchy. During the analysis, the priority number is determined by comparing the asset’s failure consequence scores to a set of rules. If the asset’s scores match a rule, the asset is assigned that rule’s priority number. The asset is always awarded the highest priority number that it matches.

See also Asset Prioritization Analysis and Consequence of Failure.

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Consignment Inventory

Consignment inventory is defined as material that is paid for on use, not on receipt. With consignment, you hold the material in your warehouse, but the supplier continues to own the material until it is used or issued. When the item is issued, your organization takes ownership of the material and assumes responsibility for payment.

Consignment inventory is tracked like regular inventory: in warehouses and inventory groups. Each consignment supplier has its own inventory group.

Consignment Usage Not Invoiced Account

The Consignment Usage Not Invoiced account (CNI), is used as the offset account on consignment issues. This account is similar to the purchasing account Received Not Invoiced (RNI). If necessary, you can use the same account for both purchasing receipts and consignment issues. Simply identify the same account for both uses. You must select a whole GL account number.

Construction Management

Construction management encompasses the APM features used to manage equipment installation activities performed by field crews at customer facilities. The Installer completes a construction form that identifies the originating work order, installation location, and the equipment to be installed. APM creates or updates the assets based on the form and generates inspection checksheets and documents that the installers use when setting up and testing equipment.

Containment

A containment action controls or neutralizes the effects of a failure. The containment is meant to be temporary until a final agreed-upon solution is implemented.

Contract

A contract identifies that a formal pricing agreement exists between your organization and a supplier. Each contract includes purchasing information for one or more resources. The contract identifies the prices, terms and conditions for the purchases of those resources during the effective period of the contract.

Contract Type

Contract types provide the ability to group contracts into categories defined by your organization. You can use contract types for sorting and filtering contracts in lists.

Contractor

See Job Contractor and On-site Contractor.

Corrective Maintenance Task

Corrective tasks are performed when a random failure takes place or when an inspection reveals a hidden failure.

Cost Center

A cost center is a location or function of an organization to which costs are charged and tracked, usually in reference to accounting information. In APM, cost centers are typically organizational assets.

Cost Type

A cost type is a site setting that you can use to describe different kinds of costs, such as “repair parts.” The cost type structure usually mirrors your site’s account structure. All costs entered through transactions will be distributed to cost types, except for costs charged to an account from a non-maintenance source.

Count Sheet

A count sheet is a report that lists parts to be counted. You can print the count sheet, count the items, and then enter the results into the system.

Once the count has begun, the items identified on the count sheet are locked in APM and cannot be issued from inventory. Any transactions for the items are held until the count has been completed.

After you have entered the results, you can process the count sheet. APM then uses adjustment transactions to update the inventory values.

Credit Memo

A credit memo is used to credit your organization for a previously entered invoice. Common reasons why a credit memo is issued are the wrong price was charged on the original invoice, the quantity was incorrect on the original invoice, the wrong material was shipped, or the material was sub-standard and was returned.

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Criticality

Criticalities describe the severity of failure consequences. They are assigned to risk matrix entries to provide text in the risk matrix. They can also be selected when you are using weighted severity and relative risk to assess risk for a failure mode.

Criticality Index

APM calculates a criticality index for asset failures to evaluate their suitability for root cause analysis. The index is calculated by multiplying the numbers assigned to the consequence priority, failure severity, and probability of recurrence. The larger the index number, the greater its criticality.

See also Root Cause Analysis.

Cumulative Indicator

A cumulative indicator is an indicator that tracks a value that increases over time. For example, an odometer is cumulative. Today’s reading will always be higher than yesterday’s reading. A cumulative indicator can be read as either an accumulated value (the value over the lifetime of the indicator) or as a consumed value (the difference from the last reading).

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Currency

Currency is a system of money used in a country. In APM, the term enterprise currency means the currency in which the enterprise’s financial records are recorded. Each enterprise has one and only one enterprise currency.

The term site currency is used to identify the currency in which a site’s financial records are recorded. Each site within the enterprise can have its own currency.

Current Practice Review

Current Practice Review (CPR) is a strategy development methodology. It provides a way to quickly implement your existing reliability program in APM using available information such as paper-based inspections, manufacturers’ maintenance instructions, and predictive maintenance (PdM) routes.

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D

Daily Average

The daily average is the average change of a cumulative indicator over a specified number of days. For example, if a truck is driven 6000 miles in a month, the mileage indicator would have a daily average of 200 miles per day. Only cumulative indicators can have daily averages.

Dashboard

A dashboard displays summarized information, often in chart form, for reference, analysis, and comparison. There are three types of dashboards: site, sidebar, and My desk.

Site dashboards are used to group and display performance indicators, comparative analyses, asset health indexes, and site information. For example, dashboards can show the current values for a group of key performance indicators or graphically trend indicator readings over a period of time. A site dashboard can have up to four sections, each displaying different information.

A sidebar dashboard consists of charts or gauges that appear at the side of a window to summarize the information in it. A sidebar dashboard contains one section that can show site panels (typically charts) or KPI gauge panels.

“My desk” dashboards provide employees with information that is relevant to them or to their roles. For example, employees with the role of Planner might be assigned a My desk definition that shows the work orders, work requests, and reliability programs assigned to them. My desk definitions can consist of 1-4 sections, and each section can display site or KPI panels.

All types of dashboards are assigned to APM users in their employee records. Site dashboards appear in the user’s Dashboard view. The user’s assigned sidebar dashboards can appear throughout the product, for example, on the Assets view, Listing tab. Standard sidebar dashboards can also appear on object windows, for example, in the Asset window’s Strategy Development view. My desk dashboards appear in the user’s My Desk view.

Data Source

See ODC Data Source.

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Demand Rate

The demand rate is the frequency with which the demand scenario is likely to occur. Demand rates are typically defined in terms of 0-0.5 year, 0.5-1.0 year, and so on.

See also Demand Scenario.

Demand Scenario

A demand scenario is a situation that requires that an asset, such as a safety device, be put into operation. Examples of demand scenarios are fire, power failure, and blocked outlet.

Derivation

Derivation is how APM generates whole GL account numbers from GL account segments. The rules for deriving whole account numbers are set up during implementation of the APM system.

See also GL Account, and GL Account Segment.

Descriptive Indicator

A descriptive indicator is an indicator that has a distinct set of values that can be detected but not measured in numbers. For example, if you have an indicator that measures tire condition, a list of possible values for the condition of the tires would be “Good Condition,” “Slightly Worn,” or “Threadbare.”

Document Type

You can define your site’s standard document types. For example, your site might use Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or Safety Instructions. You can use document types to group and sort documents in lists and to enter settings for MSDSs.

Download

Downloading describes the transfer of data from the APM database to the remote database. Normally, downloading involves transferring large amounts of data to the remote database, such as assets, indicators, and work order tasks.

See also Synchronization and Upload.

Download Package

A download package contains instructions that identify the data to download to a computer running APM Remote.

Downtime

Downtime is a period of time or a percentage of a timespan that an asset is not functioning, usually as the result of either a failure or routine maintenance.

Dynamic Indicator

A dynamic indicator is automatically added to a work order task or checksheet when the list of indicators to read is generated from the standard task. The indicator is included if its properties match the selection criteria defined in the standard task’s dynamic route, which can be any of trade, expected frequency, operating condition, maintenance group, PdM technology, and collection set.

Dynamic Route

A dynamic inspection route is defined on a standard task and comprises a list of assets (ordered in walk-around sequence) and a set of criteria for including the assets’ indicators. When a list of indicators to read is generated using the standard task, indicators with properties that match the criteria are included.

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E

Early Warning Condition

An early warning is a warning flag on a standard job that tells a planner that the job will be triggered soon. Early warning conditions are triggered when the conditions in the early warning clauses in a triggering rule are true. For example, if the triggering rule states “Trigger every 5000 miles with early warning 500 miles in advance,” then APM will trigger an early warning at 4500 miles.

Employee Availability

Employee availability is the total number of hours that the employee is available for scheduled work during a schedule’s period. For example, if an employee is available for a weekly schedule, the total availability may be 40 hours.

Enterprise

The enterprise is an administrative function and your starting point in setting up APM. It is the location within APM where you will set up sites and place them in a hierarchy.

The enterprise also contains global settings and tools, such as asset hierarchy settings, site types, security profiles, GL accounts, and scheduled actions. It also lists the installed APM products and their activation statuses.

Environmental Consequence

A failure mode or multiple failure has environmental consequences if it could breach any corporate, municipal, regional, national, or international environmental standard or regulation which applies to the physical asset or system under consideration.

Equipment State

An RCM term that is similar to APM's Asset Operating Condition.

See also Asset Operating Condition.

Evaluation Group

An evaluation group is an identifier that restricts consequence evaluation categories to specific asset types or damage mechanisms library entries. For example, a pop-up questionnaire that analysts use to evaluate the Health and Safety effects of a failure mode in an RBI analysis can display one set of questions for a Tank Roof asset and another set for a Tank Floor asset, depending on the evaluation groups assigned to the asset types and evaluation categories.

Evident Failure

An evident failure is a failure mode whose effects become apparent to the operating crew under normal circumstances if the failure mode occurs on its own.

Expected Frequency

See Frequency.

External Data Provider

An external data provider is an APM plugin that allows users to view and reference live, read-only data from other systems such as SAP® Plant Maintenance and eB®.

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F

Failure

A failure is an event or state in which an asset cannot perform one or more of its required functions within the specified limits under specified conditions. A failure often requires that equipment be shut down and repaired.

Failure Classification

Failure classifications, along with failure types, allow failure modes and records to be grouped for easy identification. For example, useful failure types might be Electrical, Environmental, Mechanical, Operational, Safety, and so on. Examples of failure classifications are Lubrication, Operator Error, and Installation Defect.

Failure Consequence

The term “failure consequence” is used in asset prioritization, reliability-centered maintenance (RCM2) analyses, and risk-based inspection analyses.

In asset prioritization analyses, failure consequence identifies the impact that a particular failure can have with respect to a specific prioritization criterion (for example, safety). Each of the failure consequences for a specific prioritization criterion is given a numeric value that is used to quantify the consequence.

For example, a safety consequence might be that multiple fatalities could occur in the event of a failure. Another consequence might be that there could be a minor injury such as a contusion or laceration. The multiple fatality consequence would be given the maximum score of 40, while the minor injury would be given a score of 20. If there would be no injury in the event of failure, the consequence would have a score of 0 (zero).

In RCM2 and RBI analyses, a failure consequence is the way or ways in which the effects of a failure mode or a multiple failure matter (evidence of failure, impact on safety, the environment, operational capability, direct and indirect repair costs).

Failure Effect

A failure effect is the consequence of a failure mode. For example, when a pump’s impeller becomes worn (failure mode), the flow through the pump declines until it no longer delivers liquid at the required rate.

Failure-Finding Interval

A failure-finding interval (FFI) is the length of time that it is considered safe to wait before performing failure-finding maintenance. The interval is calculated or estimated based on the desired availability and the frequency of failure of the protective device or system.

Failure-Finding Task

A failure-finding task is a scheduled task used to determine whether a specific hidden failure has occurred.

Failure Mode

A failure mode is a single event that causes a functional failure. For example, if a pump’s impeller becomes worn, the pump cannot convey liquid at the required rate. Failure modes are analyzed in maintenance task analysis (MTA2), reliability-centered maintenance (RCM2), and failure modes, effects, and criticality (FMECA) analysis along with the action plans that prevent or mitigate failures.

Safety instrumented function (SIF) analyses examine the risk of failure in safety devices, the effects and consequences of failure, and ways to reduce risk by putting safety provisions in place.

For risk-based inspection (RBI) analyses, the failure of concern is loss of containment of pressurized equipment items. Examples of failure modes are small hole, crack, and rupture.

Failure Mode Consequence Priority

A failure’s or failure mode’s consequence priority provides an indication of the relative importance of the asset failure. The larger the number, the greater the severity of the failure. The priority can be used to recommend root cause analysis for a failure or to determine the order of action plan implementations.

Consequence priorities are assigned to failure modes during risk assessment. In failure evaluation, the consequence priority is used in the calculation that determines whether the failure is suitable for root cause analysis. APM assigns the consequence priority by comparing the information to a set of customer-defined rules. The consequence priority rules can be based on the failure severity, relative risk (risk analysis only), failure costs, downtime costs, downtime, or a combination. For example, the Extreme consequence priority could be assigned to failures or failure modes whose total severity is greater than 25 or failure costs are more than $25,000.

Failure Type

Failure or anomaly types, along with classifications, allow failure modes and records to be grouped for easy identification. For example, useful types might be Electrical, Environmental, Mechanical, Operational, Safety, and so on. Examples of failure classifications are Lubrication, Operator Error, and Installation Defect.

Fault Diagnosis Guide

A Fault Diagnosis Guide lists symptoms and the failure modes that reference them. You can print a Fault Diagnosis Guide report for the site, an asset, or a strategy development analysis (MTA2, RCM2, RBI). The Analysis Summary view in every Strategy Development Analysis window contains the Fault Guide tab, which lists symptoms, failure modes, and assets.

See also Symptom.

Financial Period

A financial period is an enterprise setting used to group and summarize objects such as costs and indicator readings for a period of time. Financial periods group and summarize costs by cost type. You can create financial periods for each year, quarter, or month.

Freight Term

You can enter the standard freight terms that you have negotiated with your suppliers (for example, pre-paid or cash-on-delivery). Once they are entered here, you can select the appropriate term for supplier resources.

FOB Point

The free on board (FOB) point indicates when the title to the shipment transfers to your company. You are responsible for the delivery and handling of the order from this point on. Once you have entered FOB points, you can select the appropriate one for each supplier resource.

Forms Editor

The APM Forms Editor is the designer utility that is used when creating or customizing the user interface and reports. To access the Forms Editor, you must launch APM with the administrator privilege.

4D Indicator

APM incorporates functionality from AssetWise 4D Analytics to process large datasets, like the readings that come from Industrial Internet of Things devices: interconnected sensors, instruments, and other devices throughout the plant. 4D Analytics makes it possible to ingest and process large volumes of indicator readings in a small amount of time. Although the raw data is stored in a time series database (InfluxDB®), only readings that cross alarm state boundaries are sent to the APM database.

The APM Calculation engine reviews calculated indicators and, based on new input values, determines which need to be recalculated. The readings and calculation results are displayed in 4D charts and comparative analyses in APM for your review.

Frequency

The expected frequency on a standard task or job tells the people who plan and schedule the work how often the task should be performed. Expected and regulatory inspection frequencies on indicators specify how often readings should be collected, and this information can be used to filter lists of indicators when you are searching for suitable ones. Frequencies are also selected on action plans for strategy development analyses to indicate how often recommended actions need to be performed.

From Scratch

A way to create objects, such as work orders, indicators, or assets. When you create an object “from scratch,” you usually need to enter all of the required information. In contrast, much of the information is supplied when copying an object or creating an object from a template.

Function

A function is whatever the asset is required to do. For example, the function of a truck might be to transport up to one tonne of freight at a maximum highway speed not less than 90 km/h. Each asset can have several functions but just one primary function.

Function Group

A function group is a way of identifying assets that are responsible for performing a particular function. For example, the “Pump Assembly” function group could be used to indicate the relationship between a centrifugal pump, 20 HP motor, and valves.

Functional Failure

A functional failure is a state in which a physical asset or system is unable to perform a specific function to a desired level of performance. For example, a functional failure could occur if a truck cannot be started or cannot reach the minimum speed required of it.

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G

GL Account Segment

A GL account number is made up of two parts. APM refers to these two parts as segments. Typically, the first segment refers to the cost center (any combination of region, department, asset, etc.). The second segment refers to the activity and/or type of expense for which a transaction will be recorded (e.g., labor-overtime or parts-mechanical, etc.). This second part is typically defined in the cost type associated with a resource category. APM automatically derives whole account numbers from segments based on rules set at the site.

See also Derivation.

GL Account

A GL account is a valid, full account number to which you can charge transactions (such as material issues). In APM full accounts must be included on all transactions, Purchase Orders, Requisitions, Pick Lists, and Count Sheets.

See also Derivation and GL Account Segment.

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Global Variable

Global variables are pre-assigned a value and are available for all sites. For example, a global variable named “Monthly service cost” with a value of 175.00 can be multiplied by the number of times each asset was sent for service. Global variables can be defined at the enterprise level by an administrator, or they can be created in an asset health calculation.

H

HAZOP Analysis

A hazard and operability (HAZOP) study is a structured and systematic examination of a planned or existing process or operation in order to identify and evaluate problems that might represent risks to personnel or equipment or that might prevent efficient operation.

HAZOP and SIF strategy development analysis in APM use the same system features. The difference between the two is one of timing and process. HAZOP analysis occurs earlier in the design process and is performed at a higher level. HAZOP analysis is likely to identify the need for a safety provision; SIF analysis ensures that it is in place.

Hidden Failure

A hidden failure is a failure mode whose effects do not become apparent to the operating crew under normal circumstances if the failure mode occurs on its own.

Hierarchy Code

A hierarchy code is a string of up to 10 letters and numbers that identifies an individual asset or site. APM uses the hierarchy code for the asset, its parent assets, and the site to create the hierarchy location.

Hierarchy Location

A hierarchy location is a string of letters and numbers that identifies where the asset is in the physical hierarchy.

APM constructs a full hierarchy location using the code that you enter in the Hierarchy code box joined with the hierarchy codes for its parent/ancestors. The codes are separated by a period (.). Hierarchy locations are updated whenever the asset or one of its ancestors is moved within the hierarchy (or if a hierarchy code changes).

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I

In Planning Status

“In planning” is a status on a work order or work order task. The “In planning” status indicates that a planner is in the process of planning a work order or a work order task.

Indicator

An indicator is an APM object that lets you record data that you can measure on your equipment. Using indicators, you can monitor equipment performance or condition. For example, typical indicators on a car include the engine temperature gauge, the odometer, the brake system warning light, and tire condition.

Indicator Alarm

An indicator alarm is a flag on an indicator that shows that the indicator is in an alarm state. Alarm states occur when an indicator has a reading that is outside of the defined normal state for the indicator.

Indicator Collection Report

You can define and generate indicator collection reports that show the status of an asset’s indicators. The report can include indicators for the asset only or for the asset and its descendants.

Indicator Reading

An indicator reading is one data entry that describes the value or state of an asset indicator at a moment in time. For example, an indicator reading for a temperature indicator may be 25° on March 30, 2000, at 2:05 pm. An indicator reading for a descriptive indicator, such as tire condition, may say “slightly worn” on March 30, 2000, at 2:05 pm.

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Indicator State

Indicators can be evaluated based on the actual indicator reading (e.g., 501 km), or based on pre-defined states (e.g., Normal or Warning). When you set up an indicator, you can define the possible states it can have and the range of indicator readings that falls into each state.

Indicator Subtype

An indicator subtype is a means of recording additional information about a type of APM indicator used in survey inspections. When a reading is taken for an indicator that supports subtypes and measurement points, you can record information about the subtype onto the reading. Examples of some measurement point subtypes included with APM include anode, berm, marine growth, and soil type. Examples of values for soil type could include bedrock, clay, pebbles, and sand.

Indicator Template

An indicator template is a reusable group of settings for an indicator. Indicator templates can be used to create indicators on many different assets. For example, you could create a template for an odometer indicator and use it to create odometer indicators on all of your truck assets.

Indicator Type

Indicator types define the basic settings for groups of indicators. There are four different indicator value types:

•	Cumulative: for example, operating hours, mileage.

•	Numeric: for example, pressure, flow. Calculated and performance indicators are also numeric-type indicators.

•	Descriptive: has a list of possible states (for example, New, Slightly worn, Worn).

•	Rule-based: a rule determines the state of the indicator.

You must select an indicator type when creating a new indicator or indicator template.

Indicator Value

Indicators can be evaluated based on the value of the actual indicator reading (for example, 501 km) or based on pre-defined states (for example, Normal or Warning). The value is the number that gets entered manually or automatically into the APM system.

Inspection Document

Inspectors can attach one or more inspection documents to an indicator checksheet. The documents typically include links to files or generated reports, as well as information about the checksheet source, asset, system asset, and subsystem asset.

Inspection Effectiveness

The inspection effectiveness of a site’s indicators provides a measurement of the thoroughness, sensitivity, and efficiency of the inspection strategy, which can then inform your assessments of confidence and probability of failure when performing risk analysis.

Inspection Report

An inspection report is an APM document that inspectors use to record their analyses of the equipment or system for which they are responsible. The report summarizes the findings from one or more checksheets and includes recommendations and a summary of actions taken, such as alarm acknowledgments, follow-up tasks, follow-up work requests, failures and anomalies, and failure mode review requests.

Inspection Task

Inspection tasks are typically performed at fixed intervals when the age of an asset reaches a given value or when an opportunity arises. Inspection tasks are performed to detect an imminent failure (and therefore allow a planned maintenance task to be scheduled to prevent the failure) or to detect a hidden failure.

Installed Component

An installed component is a component asset that is installed in a component location. Installed components share some features with the component location (such as an indicator reading), while other features on the asset may be unique.

Integrity Group

Integrity group is identified on asset types, providing an easy mechanism to group similar assets. For example, integrity groups can be created for piping systems, vessels, and heat exchangers.

In risk analyses, integrity groups are used in inspection factor matrices to help determine a failure mode’s Inspection Factor, Inspection Strategy, and Inspection Interval as a result of confidence evaluations.

Inventory Criticality

You can enter inventory criticality levels for your site. This information is used to identify items that are crucial to production, ensuring that they are procured in a timely manner.

Inventory Group

An inventory group allows you to define specific information about a group of items in inventory. You can indicate that items are either owned by your organization or consignment inventory. For consignment inventory groups, you must identify the consigning supplier.

You must have at least one inventory group in the system, typically, the group for your regular, owned inventory. This inventory group is used to track inventory purchased under normal purchasing agreements; that is, inventory purchased at the time of receipt.

To track consignment inventory, you must also create an inventory group for each supplier with whom you have a consignment agreement.

Inventory groups are not used on their own but must be linked to warehouses to create warehouse inventory groups.

See also Warehouse Inventory Group.

Invoice

An invoice identifies one or more liabilities that your organization is responsible for paying. An invoice contains one or more invoice lines.

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Invoice Batch

An invoice entry batch is a collection of invoices that are being entered and balanced as a group. The purpose of the batch is to ensure that all of the invoices have been entered and that the amounts entered are correct. The use of invoice batches is optional.

If an invoice is included in a batch, the invoice cannot be posted until the batch is balanced and posted.

Invoice Line

An invoice line contains the details of the invoice. An invoice line can be matched to a source invoiceable liability (for example, receipt, service acknowledgment) or have no source (that is, not matched to a purchasing source transaction). Each line contains the same information: what is being invoiced (resource), quantity, price, amount, and where the costs are being charged.

Invoice Type

Invoice types allow you to organize your invoices for sorting and grouping purposes. For example, you could use invoice types to organize invoices by regular supplier invoices, credit memos, employee expenses, and miscellaneous invoices.

Invoice types are also used to enforce rules about which types of values and invoice lines can be used with each kind of invoice.

Invoicing

APM invoicing is used to match supplier invoices against the information in the APM procurement system (purchase orders and purchase order lines). The invoicing function allows invoices to be entered, matched, and balanced. Discrepancies are displayed immediately, and a user can make the necessary corrections or forward the invoice to the appropriate person to act on.

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Job Contractor

A job contractor is a worker who is contracted to perform a specific job or set of jobs. A job contractor is normally used for a short period of time, for example, for the duration of a shutdown.Work planned for a job contractor is subject to the normal procurement approval, RFQ, and PO processes. Job contractors are planned using trade resources. APM employees are not created for job contractors.

See also Service, On-site Contractor, and Trade.

Job Template

A job template is a reusable standard job plan that can be applied to more than one asset. For example, you might create a job template for the scheduled maintenance of a particular make and model of truck. If the same standard tasks are performed at the same intervals for each of the trucks, the job template simplifies the creation of the individual standard jobs.

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Key Performance Indicator (KPI)

See Performance Indicator.

L

Labor Rate Type

A labor rate type is a site setting that describes different kinds of labor costs, such as overtime or straight time. The labor rate types should match the definitions used by your site’s payroll department. Labor rate types are typically entered at the top site in the enterprise. When you enter the rate types, you can enter the actual rates for each trade at each site.

Likelihood of Failure

“Likelihood of failure” describes how often a safety device is expected to be required, based on past history or industry experience. An example of likelihood of failure is “Has happened at this location more than once in the last two years”.

Loaded Cost

The loaded cost is the loaded price multiplied by the quantity of the resource.

Loaded Price

The loaded price includes the price of the item, plus any loaded extra charges, loaded taxes, and discounts. APM uses the loaded price when calculating the planned costs for a work order.

For example, you have:

•	a purchase demand for resource A, with a price of $1.00 each

•	a loaded tax of 7%

•	a recoverable tax of 8%

•	a loaded extra charge of $1.00 per order line

•	a non-loaded extra charge of 1%

The loaded price would be:

$1.00 +$0.07 + $1.00 = $2.07

Extra charges and taxes that are charged directly to an account (not loaded) are excluded from the loaded cost.

Locality

Localities are site values that apply to your sites' or your suppliers' addresses. Localities are used for taxes that apply to regions or metropolitan cities, rather than to countries or states. You can select the taxes that apply to purchases based on locality.

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Maintainable Asset

A maintainable asset is a piece of equipment or system for which you track work, costs, and condition. For example, tanks and pumping systems are maintainable assets. You can repair maintainable assets, but they are not swapped in and out of a location and they are not disposable when they break (like spare parts).

Maintenance Action Plan

See Action Plan.

Maintenance Group

Employees who are maintenance workers are usually organized into maintenance groups. You can select the maintenance group for an employee on the employee’s APM employee record. Work planners will be able to specify which maintenance group will perform the work on each work order task.

When you create work schedules, you can create different schedules for individual maintenance groups. If you are tracking employee availability on schedules, APM uses the maintenance group to determine which employees to include on the schedule.

Maintenance Task Analysis

Maintenance task analysis (MTA2) is APM’s unique strategy development methodology that enables the analysis team to quickly create and implement basic, technically-sound reliability programs. MTA2 is most effective when operational and maintenance knowledge about assets is well-documented and consistently used by employees. MTA2 provides an alternative to the resource-intensive RCM2 analysis, while still allowing you to identify the right work to improve performance across the plant.

MTA2 methodology and tools allow the analysis team to:

•	Identify the assets to be analyzed

•	Identify the causes of asset failure

•	Recommend actions to prevent or mitigate failures

Maintenance Task Analysis Template

A maintenance task analysis template (MTA2 template) is a group of settings that can be used as the basis for an analysis. An MTA2 template identifies failure modes for a type of asset, rather than for a specific asset. Similarly, it refers to indicator templates, task templates, and job templates, not to specific asset indicators, standard tasks, and standard jobs. It includes a maintenance strategy for each of its failure modes.

Manufacturer

A manufacturer is an organization that produces the assets or materials you have purchased.

You can record and track manufacturers in APM using manufacturer records. The manufacturer record includes the name and contact information for the manufacturer. You can also record any warranties offered by the manufacturer. You can link a manufacturer record to assets, suppliers, or resources in the resource catalog.

Mark As Planned

Mark as planned is a menu option that you can use to tell APM that planning is complete for a work order task. If your organization is not using work order approvals, you will use this option to move work orders to the ‘Planned’ status.

See also New Status, In Planning Status, Planned Status, and Work Started.

Master Database

The APM master database is the database used by the APM desktop application. This is the database that contains the data for the enterprise and for all sites and assets.

See also Remote Database.

Master Work Order

A master work order allows you to group related work orders. You can use master work orders to view, sort, and filter lists of work orders.

Material

A material is an item that is used when performing maintenance work, such as screws or bearings. Materials are usually parts or consumable items. Materials are entered as resources in the APM resource catalog.

See also Tool.

Mean Time Between Failures

Mean time between failure (MTBF) is the average time between occurrences of a failure. MTBF (Mtive) is the mean time between failure for a protective device or system.

Mean Time to Repair

Mean time to repair (MTTR) is the average time it takes to repair the asset and return it to service after a failure occurs.

Measurement Device

A measurement device is an instrument used to take indicator readings, for example, an ultrasonic probe or vibration analyzer. Measurement devices are defined as maintainable assets in APM so that testing, calibration, and repair activities can be tracked, as well as the indicator readings that use the devices.

Measurement Point

Measuring the condition of certain assets, such as piping, requires taking two or more measurements to arrive at a reliable reading for the indicator. For example, in the case of a numeric indicator that measures the wall thickness of a pipe, four to eight measurements are commonly needed at different locations around the circumference of the pipe. Descriptive indicators can also require two or more measurements, for example, an indicator that evaluates marine growth on subsea piping. The location on the asset at which measurements are taken is referred to as the “measurement location”, while the points around the asset where the individual readings are taken are called “measurement points”.

Mobile Activities

A mobile activity is a task that has been assigned to a mobile device to be carried out. There are two types of mobile computing activities:

•	Checksheets (for collecting indicator readings)

•	Count sheets (for counting inventory)

Checksheet activities can be created from work order tasks, standard jobs, and standard tasks. Count sheet activities can be created from prepared count sheets. You can view mobile activities created from all sources at the site level.

Modification and Repair Inspection Checksheet

Modification and repair inspection (MRI) checksheets are used to inspect an asset after a major construction project has reached a milestone or completion. Inspection activities ensure that the modifications or repairs are done according to the appropriate standards and codes.

The printed MRI form allows the manufacturer, inspection team, and regulatory inspector to sign off on the activities and add remarks. You can record information from the form in the checksheet, as well as enter the summary, analysis, recommendations. When the inspection is complete, mark the checksheet as closed.

Multiple Failure

A multiple failure occurs if a protected function fails while its protective device or protective system is in a failed state.

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Network Log Viewer

Use the APM Network Log Viewer to review server information “live” as messages are logged. When you close the viewer, the log entries are cleared. However, while the viewer is open, you can save the log files in XML format or copy them to the clipboard. You can open the viewer from the Settings Editor’s Logging tab.

New Status

“New” is a status on a work order or work order task. The status of a work order or work order task is “New” until it has been planned or approved (if necessary).

No Scheduled Maintenance

No scheduled maintenance is a failure management policy that permits a specific failure mode to occur without any attempt to anticipate or prevent it. Also referred to as “Run-to-Failure”.

Non-Operational Consequence

A non-operational failure consequence does not adversely affect safety, the environment, or operations, but only requires repair or replacement of any item(s) affected by the failure.

Numeric Indicator

A numeric indicator is an indicator that records any value within a finite or infinite interval. For example, an indicator that measures temperature or pressure is numeric. Today’s reading may be either higher or lower than yesterday’s reading. Numeric values can go up and down over time. Numeric indicators can use calculations to collect readings.

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ODC Data Source

An ODC data source is a representation of an external data source used to collect data. For example, a data source might be an OLE Process Control (OPC)-compliant process (OPC DA) that collects real-time data. A data source (which can be an OPC HDA-compliant process) can also be a data archiver or database that stores historical condition readings.

Data sources reference multiple data tags (data points) collected from an asset. In most cases, the target data source must be connected to your ethernet network so that you can configure a data source in APM and/or for data collection when the ODC service provider is running.

Offset Account

An offset account is a holding account that reduces the gross amount of another account to derive a net balance. For example, when an item is received from a vendor, the receipt transaction debits G/L account “A” in the amount of $150.00, and credits the RNI account by $150.00. When you pay the invoice for the item, the RNI account is debited by $150.00, and the vendor's account “B” is credited by $150.00.

In APM, offset accounts can be set on the Accounting Info dialog, Special Purpose Accounts tab.

On-Condition Task

An on-condition task entails checking for potential failures so that action can be taken to prevent the functional failure or to avoid consequences of the functional failure.

Online Data Collection

The Online Data Collection (ODC) system provides an interface between APM indicator readings and online condition-monitoring devices, for example, Distributed Control Systems (DCSs) or programmable logic controllers (PLCs). The interface involves these elements:

•	APM application and database

•	APM server machine, server instance, and service providers

Data collected automatically using an online condition-monitoring device is stored in the APM database. The ODC service provider monitors data from the data source and records indicator readings in APM based on time and rule criteria.

Note: All service provider components, including ODC plugins, must reside on all server machines.

On-site Contractor

An on-site contractor is a worker who is employed by a supplier and is on-site at your organization for the length of the contract. The on-site contractor works full-time at your site for an extended period of time (for example, six months, a year, or longer). On-site contractors are planned using trade resources. An APM employee is created for each on-site contractor.

See also Service, Job Contractor, and Trade.

Operating Context or State

The operating context is the circumstances in which a physical asset or system is expected to operate.

Operational Consequence

An operational failure consequence adversely affects the operational capability of a physical asset or system (output, product quality, customer service, military capability, or operating costs in addition to the cost of repair).

Operator

An operator is a term that tells APM how to perform a mathematical or logical operation. For example, an indicator-based triggering rule clause may say “Trigger when greater than or equal to Warning.” The operator in this clause is “greater than or equal to.”

Organizational Asset

An organization asset represents an organizational unit within one site in APM. It usually represents a cost center. Typically, assets with this classification identify departments, areas, or buildings in an asset hierarchy. They have child assets, usually maintainable and component type assets, that represent the equipment for which the organization is responsible.

Override

An override occurs when you change a setting that has been inherited from a template. For example, if a task template has a requirement for an electrician for 5 hours, you can override this on the standard task and change it to 7 hours.

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Payment Term

You can enter the standard payment terms that you negotiate with your suppliers (for example, net 30 days). When they are entered here, you can select the appropriate term when you create purchase orders and invoices.

P-F Interval

The PF interval is the time between the point at which a potential failure becomes detectable and the point at which it degrades into a functional failure.

Parent Asset

A parent asset is an asset that has assets below it in the hierarchy. For example, a truck may be a parent asset to its engine.

Parent Schedule

A parent schedule is a schedule that has other schedules below it in the schedule hierarchy. For example, a weekly schedule would be a parent to daily schedules (for Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday).

See also Child Schedule.

Parts List

A parts list is a list of material or tool resources that are needed for an asset or for another resource.

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PdM Technology

A predictive maintenance (PdM) technology, such as vibration analysis or oil analysis, is used to determine the condition of in-service equipment to predict when maintenance should be performed.

See also Technology.

Performance Indicator

A key performance indicator (KPI) is a type of indicator used to measure and communicate the performance of an organization, an individual, or an asset. For example, a KPI could be used to measure the percentage of work orders that are completed for a particular maintenance group or planner or for a particular asset.

APM comes with a comprehensive set of KPI templates that you can use to create performance indicators relevant to your organization. You can also create performance indicators from scratch.

Physical Hierarchy

The physical hierarchy is an asset hierarchy representing the physical or geographical relationships between assets.

See also Asset Hierarchy.

Pick List

A pick list is a report that lists items that need to be picked from the warehouse. You can use pick lists to select the inventory items that are required to perform a work order or to fulfill a requisition.

Pick Method

Different inventory items need to be picked in different ways. You can indicate the various pick methods used for your warehouse inventory items. For example, large items may require a forklift, while small items can be picked by hand. Once you have entered your pick methods, you can link them to warehouse inventory items.

Planned Maintenance Task

Planned maintenance tasks are typically performed at fixed intervals when the age of an asset reaches a given value or when an opportunity arises. Planned maintenance can involve the replacement of aging equipment or minor tasks such as lubrication. Planned maintenance can also be performed when an inspection predicts that a failure is about to occur (predictive maintenance).

Planned Status

“Planned” is a status on a work order or work order task. A work order has this status when:

•	It has been approved

•	If approvals are not required, then the work order can be manually marked as “planned”

The planned status may determine whether or not various actions can be performed, such as entering time cards, or adding requirements to tasks.

PM Work Order

A preventive maintenance (PM) work order is a work order that contains tasks that you use to prevent assets from failing. Your asset reliability programs may have standard jobs that are set to trigger work orders at certain times, such as when APM receives certain indicator readings. Most of these jobs contain PM tasks for your assets. You can use APM to create PM work orders from these jobs before they are actually triggered to give you time to plan and schedule them.

Polling Agent

An ODC polling agent is a background application that monitors all data readings made by external data sources. Once configured and started, the polling agent automatically collects numeric monitoring data.

For example, a data source might be an OPC server that monitors the level of liquid in a tank. The polling agent monitors liquid levels from the tank on a defined schedule. The polling agent also defines the rules that determine when the tank’s liquid level data is recorded as an APM indicator reading. For example, a polling agent might collect tank level data every 30 minutes; however, this data will not be recorded in the APM application unless the tank level falls below 15 liters. Tank levels above 15 liters are considered normal and ignored.

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Potential Failure

A potential failure is an identifiable condition indicating that a functional failure is either about to occur or is in the process of occurring.

Predecessor

A predecessor is a task that must start or finish before another task can start or finish.

See also Successor.

Pre-empt Approver

If you encounter a situation where a document is waiting for an approver to act, but the approver is unexpectedly absent due to an illness or some other reason and has not named a substitute, then any approver on the same approval route who has a higher approval limit than the absent employee may approve the request. The absent employee and any approvers between the absent employee and the actual approver are pre-empted by this approval.

Preventive Maintenance (PM) Route

A preventive maintenance (PM) route is a type of standard job that consists of a series of similar standard tasks performed on a number of similar assets. For example, you might create a PM route to perform vibration analysis on a number of assets.

Price

Each supplier resource can contain multiple prices so that you can record in advance pricing changes, special prices, or different pricing, ordering, and manufacturer variables for a resource.

Primary Function

The primary function is the main reason why a physical asset or system is acquired by its owner or user. A primary function is an asset’s most important task. For example, the primary function of a truck could be to transport freight. Although the truck might have other functions (for example, to meet emission control regulations), it has just one primary function.

Primary Indicator

A primary indicator is the cumulative indicator that APM uses to show statistical information about the asset where it isn’t possible to show the values for all of the asset’s cumulative indicators.

Prioritization Analysis Criteria

Prioritization analysis criteria are used to identify the business objectives you will be using to evaluate asset criticality. The following six criteria are usually used, but you can define your own criteria if necessary:

1.

Safety

2.	Environment

3.	Product Quality

4.	Throughput

5.	Customer Satisfaction

6.	Operating Cost

Probability of Failure

The probability of failure is used to quantify the likelihood of a failure occurring. Each probability can be assigned to one or more score sets. In each score set, the probability is given a score. The scores are used to rank the failures based on the probability that they will occur. The more likely a failure could occur, the higher the score.

Probability of Recurrence

Probability of recurrence is a user-defined value assigned to asset failure records. It consists of a description (for example, “Very probable”) and a number that is used to evaluate the failure’s suitability for root cause analysis.

See also Criticality Index.

Problem

A problem is a site category that describes common problems on assets of certain types, such as “lubrication failure.” Using problem categories can simplify the analysis of equipment failures. Problem categories can be linked to Cause and Remedy categories.

See also Cause and Remedy.

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Process Batch

A process batch contains one or more jobs. It can be set to automatically process imported data at regular intervals.

Process Job

A process job identifies a staging class and parameters that are used to match data in a staging table against data in the APM database. During processing, APM validates the data and generates error messages if required. Valid records are added to the target APM site. Process jobs can be revised and reprocessed.

Project Classification

Project classifications are used to further define your projects in conjunction with project types. This definition is similar to work types and work classifications. When you set up project types, you identify the project classification that is valid for each project type.

Project Type

Project types are used to classify your projects into logical groups and to control the types of information that appear on project records.

Project Status

A project status is a set of user-defined values that is used to track the progress of your projects in APM. Project statuses are used in pick lists when working with projects and displayed in project banners and in tables. Each status is tied to a set of project controls that determine what actions you can take with a project having this status.

Protective Device

A protective device or system is intended to avoid, eliminate, or minimize the consequences of failure on some other system.

Purchase Order

A purchase order is a document that lists materials, tools, or services that need to be purchased. It usually contains information about the supplier of the items. Each item to be purchased is listed on a separate line on the purchase order. Once the purchase order is complete, you can print it and send it to the supplier.

Purchase Receipt

If you receive only one line on a purchase order, the system creates a purchase receipt. You can receive material purchases into a warehouse or simply mark them as received. To receive more than one purchase order line at a time, you must use a receiving report. If you receive an item using a purchase receipt, you will not be able to print it on a receiving report.

Purchasing Priority

You can enter the priorities that you use to sort the backlog of purchase orders according to their relative importance. The employees who act as buyers use this information to ensure that the more important materials are purchased first. The priority is often a statement of when the item is required in relation to today. For example, you may have “1 day” and “2 weeks” or “ASAP” and “Rush” as purchasing priorities.

Purging Rule

A purging rule consists of a set of instructions that is used to select instances of a particular type of object to be deleted as a group. For example, an APM administrator could create one purging rule for resource transactions, another for indicator readings, and so on.

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RCA

See Root Cause Analysis.

RCM2

RCM2 is the reliability-centered maintenance process practiced by Bentley APM consultants. One of the features of RCM2 that distinguishes it from other interpretations of the RCM philosophy is that cross-functional groups of users and maintainers perform the analyses. After training, these analysis teams apply the process to their assets to produce robust and cost-effective asset reliability programs.

Received Not Invoiced (RNI) Account

The Received Not Invoiced (RNI) account is the name of the account to use as the offsetting account for purchase receipts. The RNI account is used for goods that have been received but have not yet been paid for. When material is received, the cost of the receipt transaction is charged to the GL account identified on the purchase order line, and the offsetting account is the RNI account.

You must select an account that is a whole account number.

Receiving Report

When your organization physically receives the materials or tools ordered on a purchase order or blanket release, you need to create a receiving report that indicates what was received, who received it, and where it was received. Each receiving report can record the receipt of one or more lines, from one or more purchase orders or blanket releases. When you receive each line, the system creates a receipt transaction, and changes the status of the line to “Received”.

Redraft

Redrafting allows a document to be revised if it has already been approved or marked as planned. If a request for approval has been returned unapproved, or if you wish to make changes after you have sent it for approval, you can redraft the document. Redrafting cancels any approval request, removing the document from the approver’s list of active documents to be approved. When you have finished revising the document, you must send it for approval again.

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Regular Work Order

A regular work order is the main work format. Use it for work that has a definite beginning and end. On regular work orders, you can schedule tasks, plan trades and materials requirements for each task, and add indicator readings and procedures.

Regulated Gas Management

In APM, Regulated Gas Management encompasses objects used to control gases such as sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) at customer facilities. Implementors set up gas types, containers, vendors, transaction types, and other objects. Users record transactions such as receiving and weighing gas containers, performing initial and in-service fills of assets, as well as loss to atmosphere events. The data recorded, calculated, and stored in APM is used in reports to management and regulatory bodies.

Relative Risk

Relative risk is one of the outputs from an asset prioritization analysis. It is the product of the probability of failure of an asset and the consequences of failure.

Relative Risk = (Probability of Failure) x Sum (Consequence of Failure Scores)

Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM2)

Reliability-centered maintenance is “A process used to determine the maintenance requirements of any physical asset in its operating context” (John Moubray, Reliability-Centered Maintenance, second edition).

Reliability Program Implementation

APM’s reliability program implementation (RPI) analysis allows you to review assets’ indicators and deploy them to existing and new standard tasks. Implementing a reliability program is often the next logical step after you complete a strategy development analysis (RCM2, MTA2, or CPR) on an asset and its descendants. You can also review assets’ reliability programs independently of the strategy development process.

Reliability Strategy Selection

Reliability strategy selection (RSS) analysis applies a set of criteria to an asset to determine the most appropriate plan for improving its reliability. The analysis team uses the Reliability Strategy Selection questionnaire to perform, document, and review analyses of system-level assets. Possible strategies are to implement (or continue) basic care, perform maintenance task analysis, perform RCM2 analysis, or escalate the asset risk to stakeholders for further consideration and action.

Remedy

A remedy is a site category that describes common remedies of problems on assets of certain types. Each Problem category can be linked to many Cause and Remedy categories. Using problem categories can simplify the analysis of equipment failures.

See also Problem and Cause.

Remote Computer

A Windows remote device is a mobile computer that is set up to run in a disconnected environment using the APM Remote application.

Remote Database

A remote database is used by the APM Remote application on a remote computer. This database must be periodically synchronized with the APM database.

See also Master Database.

Repairable Spare

A repairable spare is any inventoried unit that can be restored and reused after it fails. The opposite of a repairable spare is a consumable item. Examples of repairable spares are cylinders, PC boards, and small motors. Each repairable spare unit is uniquely identified in the inventory system so that it can be tracked. Another term for repairable spare is “serialized inventory unit”.

Request for Quotation (RFQ)

Requests for quotation (RFQs) are documents that allow you to manage the bid process for supplier resources. You can create RFQs for purchase demands on work orders or requisitions (“for demands” RFQ) or to renew supplier resource prices for resources in your resource catalog (“catalog prices” RFQ).

Required Proximity

Required proximity is a setting that prevents APM from making a calculation or evaluating a rule when indicator readings used in the calculation or rule are out of date. For example, you can say that all of the indicator readings included in the rule must have been collected within 1 day of each other.

Requirement

A requirement is something that is needed in order to complete a work order task, such as a part or labor. Requirements on a work order can include labor, stocked and non-stocked materials, and services. Any of these requirements can be selected from the resource catalog.

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Requisition

A requisition is a document that requests items that need to be purchased, such as a part or a service. Your purchasing department will usually review requisitions, approving and creating purchase orders for resources that are necessary.

Resource

A resource is an item that is available to be used, usually as part of completing a work order task. A resource can be a material, tool, trade, or service. Resources are listed in the resource catalog.

Resource Category

Resource categories organize your catalog resources, and assist in analyzing resource costs. When you create a resource, you must select a resource category.

Resource Demand

A resource demand is a request for the materials, services, tools, or contractors required to complete work. Typically, resource demands are identified in work planning and added to work order tasks. In APM, fulfilling resource demands can involve RFQs, purchase orders, and/or pick lists.

Resource Demand Lag

Resource demand lags allow you to delay the planned start time of an individual requirement (such as a trade, service, or tool) as it relates to the task’s planned start date. For example, you could enter a trade requirement for an electrician, and set it to start two hours after the task is planned to start.

RFQ Classification

RFQ classifications provide the ability to group requests for quotation (RFQs) into categories defined by your organization. You can use RFQ classifications for sorting and filtering RFQs in lists.

See also Request for Quotation (RFQ).

Risk-based Inspection

Risk-based inspection is a risk assessment and management process that focuses on loss of containment of pressurized equipment in processing facilities due to material deterioration. Risk analysis is essential to the RBI process and involves the systematic use of information to identify sources and to estimate the risk. Information can include historical data, theoretical analysis, and informed opinions. Analysis therefore requires a team of people from a range of technical disciplines.

Roll-over Value

The roll-over value is the highest number that can be entered for a cumulative indicator with accumulated readings. For example, on a vehicle the odometer will return to zero after 999,999.9 miles.

Root Cause Analysis

Root cause analysis is a methodology used to identify the causal factors for equipment failure. Its goal is to direct corrective measures at root causes to minimize the recurrence of problems. The RCA tools provided by APM incorporate both proactive and reactive approaches, allowing the analysis team to react to partial or full failures, as well as to investigate significant contributing causes to prevent failures.

Rule-Based Indicator

A rule-based indicator is an indicator where the current state is determined by a rule rather than by a direct reading. The rule is made up of clauses based on the current state of other indicators. The rule allows APM to warn you of the existence of a potential problem.

Run To Failure

Run-to-failure is a failure management policy that permits a specific failure mode to occur without any attempt to anticipate or prevent it. Also referred to as “No Scheduled Maintenance”.

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Safety Consequence

A failure mode or multiple failure has safety consequences if it could injure or kill a human being.

Safety Instrumented Function Analysis

Safety instrumented function (SIF) analysis is one of the strategy development methodologies available in APM. The safety analysis team studies system-level and related assets to determine loss of containment scenarios, identify risk levels, and identify the safety provisions that protect against, or mitigate, loss of containment.

Safety Integrity Level

The design team assigns a safety integrity level (SIL) to each safety provision. This numeric value, usually on an ascending scale between 0 and 4, is a measure of the amount of risk inherent in the failure that the provision prevents or mitigates. The provision’s SIL is used in SIF analyses to calculate the impact of a possible failure.

Safety Override and Incident

A provision version’s safety override identifies the procedures that an operator or technician should follow when a safety device malfunctions in order to keep the facility operating safely while the device is being fixed or replaced.

When a safety device fails, an APM user (for example, an engineer, manager, or operator) creates an override incident in the system that records the details and recommendations.

Safety Provision

The safety design team identifies the safety processes, systems, and procedures that prevent or mitigate hazards. Safety provisions record the actions to be performed, the checklist of items, and instructions.

The provision version defines the safety override that identifies the procedures that an operator or technician should follow when a safety device malfunctions in order to keep the facility operating safely while the device is being fixed or replaced. It also defines a table of protected assets and the assets (for example, safety devices and control equipment) that protect them.

The team assigns a safety integrity level (SIL) to each safety provision version. This numeric value, usually on an ascending scale between 0 and 4, is a measure of the amount of risk inherent in the failure that the provision prevents or mitigates. The provision’s SIL is used in SIF analyses to calculate the impact of a possible failure.

Schedule

An availability schedule is a document that records when work order tasks are planned to start and finish for a particular period of time, such as a week or a day. A schedule also tracks the availability of trade and employee resources for that period of time.

Schedule Entry

A schedule entry is a record on a schedule that describes the task being scheduled and the trades and employees assigned to the task.

Schedule Period

You can use scheduling periods to classify and sort schedules by the period of time they cover. The scheduling periods should match the length of time that the schedules cover, such as weekly, daily, and shift.

Schedule Template

A schedule template is a reusable set of properties that can be used to create schedules. You can use schedule templates to create schedules quickly and easily whenever you need them. For example, you could set up a weekly schedule template to create your schedule each week.

Schedule Type

Schedule types are used to group and filter schedules on lists and reports. For example, your site might use regular schedules, shutdown schedules, capital work schedules, and opportunity schedules.

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Scheduled Actions

Scheduled actions are methods that can be set up to run automatically with a repeatable frequency. Each scheduled action defines:

•	The method to be run

•	The time the method should run

•	How often running the method should be repeated

You can schedule actions to run at hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, and yearly time periods and specify the interval within that time period. For example, you could create a scheduled action that recalculates calculated indicators every two hours on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays.

Note: Only particular methods can be scheduled to run as actions. The selected methods are background processing actions within APM that do not generate any window or dialog user interaction.

Scheduled Discard

Scheduled discard is a task that entails discarding an item at or before a specified age limit, regardless of its condition at the time.

Scheduled Restoration

Scheduled restoration is a task that restores the capability of an item at or before a specified interval (age limit), regardless of its condition at the time, to a level that provides a tolerable probability of survival to the end of another specified interval.

Secondary Action Plan

Sometimes one action is not enough to deal with a failure mode in a strategy development analysis. For example, an asset’s failure mode might require a condition-based maintenance task to check for signs of wear, a physical modification to the asset, and a modification to procedures (for example, training for maintenance personnel). In cases like this, you can add secondary action plans to the failure mode, and you can have more than one task with the same action type. For example, you might need two modification/redesign tasks.

Serialized Resource

A serialized resource is a material or tool type resource that is stocked in inventory and has units that are identified and tracked individually.

Serialized Inventory Status

Serialized inventory statuses track the availability of a unit for inventory purposes.

There are 10 required statuses that track serialized inventory. You can create descriptions for the unit statuses and change the name APM provides. You cannot delete any of the required 10 unit statuses nor add new statuses.

Server Console

When setting up and testing the APM environment, you will find it useful to run the server in Console mode. The APM Server window opens on the desktop, making it easier to monitor the server’s operation and to stop it when required. When you are ready to move the system into production, you should install the server as a Windows service that runs in the background without a user interface.

Service

A service resource uses people not employed by your organization. For example, you might send oil samples to an outside oil analysis service. Service resources can use either time-based units of measure (for example, hours or days), or non-time-based units of measurement (for example, “each”).

See also Trade.

Service Acknowledgment

A service acknowledgment transaction allows you to record the fact that a purchased service has been performed. Service acknowledgment transactions are used with service type resources or non-catalog items in the same way purchase receipt transactions are used for materials. You can create a service acknowledgment for any purchase order line that references a service or non-catalog item.

Settings Editor

The Settings Editor for APM instances provides access to more advanced settings from a single location where you can define the server/service or thick-client settings, database account information, language, and other less common settings that apply. The diagnostic and runtime behavior of the instance is also defined in the Settings Editor. You can open the Settings Editor from APM Configuration or the Server window.

The Settings Editor can also be opened from the command prompt or a shortcut for default servers (IvaraServer.exe -s), smart clients (IvaraClient.exe -s), and thick clients (IvaraClient.exe -l -s).

Shipping Mode

You can enter the methods of shipping that you have arranged with your suppliers. You can select the appropriate method for each purchase order.

Shutdown

A shutdown record communicates to planners the equipment and tasks involved in a specific shutdown period. You can associate a shutdown with start and end dates, shutdown type, assets, standard tasks and jobs, and work order tasks. When PM work is generated for a shutdown type, the generated work orders are assigned to the next shutdown associated with that shutdown type.

Shutdown Type

In APM, shutdown types are used to identify the different types of shutdown periods that occur within a plant or facility. The annual shutdown, spring shutdown, and an area shutdown are examples of shutdown types. Shutdown types do not have specific dates because they can occur multiple times within a year and over multiple years.

You can define and plan individual occurrences of a shutdown. For example, the 2015 annual shutdown can be planned as a separate occurrence of the annual shutdown type.

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Sidebar Dashboard

A sidebar dashboard consists of charts or gauges that appear at the side of a window to summarize the information in it. A sidebar dashboard contains one section that can show site panels (typically charts) or KPI gauge panels.

Simple Schedule

Simple schedules provide the basic scheduling functionality for maintenance groups that perform small, relatively straightforward jobs. Using simple schedules, you can schedule tasks for a specific date or during a specific week without having to manage multiple schedules and track availability.

With simple schedules, you do not need to create templates or a schedule hierarchy. Just assign planned work order tasks to a maintenance group and then set the planned start date or work week. You cannot specify the time when the work should be done or how long it will take, and you cannot track the availability of requirements.

Site

A site is the top asset in your physical asset hierarchy or a higher-level organizational structure used specifically to control how data is secured, viewed, and used between sites. For example, a site can be a plant, a division, or your company’s head office. You can have more than one site, and you can organize your sites into a hierarchy that matches your organization’s structural and reporting hierarchy. You can also control the functionality that is available for individual sites by deactivating licensed application modules in the site’s properties.

Site Hierarchy

The site hierarchy is a representation of all the sites in your organization and how they relate to one another. Your site hierarchy usually matches your organization's structural and reporting hierarchy. The site at the highest level covers the organization as a whole. At the lowest level of the hierarchy, site assets represent actual offices or plants.

Site Status

The site status represents the operational state of the site (indicated by the “in operation” or “not in operation” settings). For example, you might create a Data Entry status to indicate that the site is currently being set up and is not yet ready to be used.

Although site statuses are defined using the Asset Status dialog, they are specific to sites and cannot be used for assets. Entering site statuses is optional. If you enter a site status, this status will be visible in your physical asset hierarchy. Changing the status of a site does not affect the status of the site’s assets. A change in site status might affect the triggering of work orders from some standard tasks (if the site status setting is used on the task).

See also Asset Status.

Site Type

Site types define how objects, such as assets and task templates, are owned at each level in the site hierarchy. A site that cannot own an object might still be able to create objects (for example, task templates), but they will be owned (stored) at a higher site in the hierarchy. How objects are owned determines how data will be partitioned within APM.

Site types at higher levels of the organization own data that is shared by lower sites, such as value lists, resources, and standard documents. Data that higher-level sites wish to control (such as task templates) can be owned and secured at the higher site. This data can then be viewed and used by lower-level sites.

Lower-level site types own data that is unique and not shared between peer sites (that is, sites of the same type and at the same level in the site hierarchy). For example, data that is added and changed on a day-to-day basis, such as work orders, work requests, and assets, are usually owned by lower-level site types.

Standard Document

A standard document is a file that contains reference information (such as safety instructions, MSDSs, or a diagram) for assets, tasks, resources, or strategy development analyses.

Standard Job

A standard job is a collection of standard tasks for one or more assets. For example, you might create a standard job for a vehicle that includes standard tasks such as changing the oil, inspecting the brakes, and rotating the tires. A standard job can also include rules that determine when the tasks are converted to work order tasks.

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Standard Task

A standard task is a plan for maintenance work that is performed repeatedly on a piece of equipment over the course of its lifetime. For example, a pump and motor assembly inspection might be performed at regular intervals. The work typically involves inspection, corrective, scheduled restoration, or scheduled discard tasks.

Standing Work Order

A standing work order is a work format that allows you to define a set of work order tasks to collect costs for miscellaneous ongoing jobs. Work orders with standing work order tasks cannot also contain regular work order tasks. In most cases, you will keep these work orders open for a one-year period and then close them and create a new one for the next year. You cannot add requirements, indicator readings, or procedures to this work format.

Status

The status of a strategy development or asset reliability program implementation (RPI) analysis indicates whether or not the analysis has been reviewed. Typical statuses are “New analysis”, “Analysis in progress”, “Analysis completed”, and “Closed”.

See also Asset Status or Site Status.

Strategy Development Analysis

Strategy development analyses are methodologies for evaluating asset priority, defining asset functions, determining how failures occur (failure modes), evaluating the risk of asset failure, and preventing or mitigating the effect of failures. The varieties of strategy development analysis include:

•	Asset Prioritization Analysis

•	Current Practice Review (CPR)

•	Design FMECA

•	Reliability Strategy Selection (RSS)

•	Maintenance Task Analysis (MTA2)

•	Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM2)

•	Risk-based Inspection (RBI)

•	Safety Instrumented Function (SIF) Analysis

•	Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) Analysis

Note: Also known as “Work Identification Analysis”.

Strategy Development Analysis Study

Strategy development analysis (SDA) studies are simple values used to group and filter analyses. The study can be referred to in MTA2, RCM2, RBI, SIF, and HAZOP analyses that share the same analysis type, as well as asset prioritization, reliability strategy selection (RSS), and root cause (RCA) analyses. As the analyses and failure modes are developed, you can open the study to review them.

Strategy Development Analysis Template

A strategy development analysis template is a group of settings that can be used as the basis for a strategy development analysis (MTA2, RCM2, SIF, or HAZOP). A template identifies failure modes for a type of asset, rather than for a specific asset. Similarly, it refers to indicator templates and task templates, not to specific asset indicators and standard tasks. It includes an operating context for assets and a maintenance strategy for each of its failure modes. In addition, an RCM2 template identifies functions and functional failures.

Strategy Development Analysis Type

An analysis type is a collection of preferred settings for strategy development analysis. The settings range from specifying how analysis titles are defaulted, to how avoidance savings are recorded on failure modes, to how risk analysis is performed (if at all), to whether analyses must be sent for approval. Selecting an analysis type on an analysis quickly ensures that its settings are correct and consistent with your organization’s standards.

When defining an analysis type, you can specify the kinds of analysis it can be used with: MTA2, RCM2, RBI, CPR, SIF, HAZOP, Design FMECA, or a combination. For example, you could create two types for MTA2, one with risk analysis and one without. Or you could create a type that applies to both MTA2 and RBI analyses.

Sub System Asset

A subsystem asset is part of a system and contains assets that make up the subsystem. Grouping assets into a subsystem allows you to make it easier to search them or to compare data on similar assets. For example, a gas treatment system can have heating, cooling, and dehydration subsystems. Another example is a water distribution system that consists of mixing and settling subsystems.

The subsystem asset classification is identical to the Maintainable Asset classification in that subsystem assets can have any number of asset lives, and you can also charge costs to system assets in addition to having a parts list associated with it. Indicator, costs, and manufacturer information about the asset are tracked by asset life.

See also Maintainable Asset and System Asset.

Successor

A successor is a task that cannot start or finish until another task starts or finishes.

See also Predecessor.

Supplier

A supplier is an organization from which you purchase or rent goods and/or services.

You can record and track suppliers in APM using supplier records. The supplier record can include the payment and shipping terms you have agreed to with that supplier, as well as links identifying their resources and prices. When you need to purchase an item, the system will provide the list of suppliers who carry the resource, and will prompt the supplier’s current price.

Supplier Resource

A supplier resource is a record of the ordering and pricing information of an item available from a supplier. You can create multiple supplier resources for any resource in the resource catalog to define ordering and pricing information for different suppliers or at different sites.

Supplier Resource Price

Each supplier resource can contain multiple prices so that you can record in advance pricing changes, special prices, or different pricing, ordering, and manufacturer variables for a resource.

Supplier Status Change Reason

You can define the common reasons for users to change a supplier’s status. Users will select these reasons when they are:

•	Changing a supplier’s purchase type (to ordering supplier, non-ordering supplier, or bidder).

•	Activating or inactivating a supplier.

•	Activating or canceling a consignment agreement.

Survey

A survey is used in APM to collect information about the measurement point or its reading during an inspection. Survey designers can define which properties are collected on each survey, including the vehicle used to perform the inspection, easting and northing coordinates, elevation, temperature, time of inspection, and so on.

Susceptibility to Failure Evaluation

Susceptibility to failure evaluation examines the asset’s non-age related degradation patterns. It can provide an alternative to probability of failure analysis for these failure modes. For example, susceptibility evaluation can be used to determine the vulnerability of atmospheric storage tanks to corrosion under insulation or stress cracking. The evaluation can result in recommended actions, susceptibility ratings, or both.

Symptom

A symptom is a keyword or phrase that summarizes the evidence that an operator, engineer, or technician would see when the failure occurs or is about to occur. For example, “trip-alarm sounds” could be defined as a symptom. Symptoms are assigned to MTA2, RCM2, and RBI failure modes to help maintenance personnel track asset faults to the failure modes that could cause them. Symptoms are listed in the Fault Diagnosis Guide, a report you can print for the site, an asset, or a strategy development analysis.

Synchronization

Synchronization is the process of uploading data from, and downloading data to, a remote computer. Typically, upload transactions are first transferred from the remote computer and processed in the desktop application. In this way, the changes that were made remotely are applied to the APM database before the data on the remote computer is refreshed. For example, if a user closes a task in APM Remote, this information should be uploaded and applied to the task in APM before the download begins.

See also Download, Remote Computer, Remote Database, and Upload.

System Asset

A system asset groups and identifies assets that are part of a system, making it easier to search for related assets or to compare data on similar assets. Gas treatment systems and water distribution systems are two examples of system assets. A system asset can contain subsystem assets.

The system asset classification is identical to the Maintainable Asset classification in that system assets can have any number of asset lives, and you can also charge costs to system assets in addition to having a parts list associated with it. Indicator, costs, and manufacturer information about the asset are tracked by asset life.

See also Maintainable Asset and Sub System Asset.

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Table

A table displays information about lists of objects, such as assets or standard tasks. Tables consist of rows and columns that show data for many items at once, so you can find items or specific pieces of data and track trends.

Table Configuration

A table configuration controls what information is listed in a table and how it is displayed. A table configuration is a combination of columns, filtering criteria, sorting criteria, and format choices that display specific data, such as all RCM2 analyses with a status of “New”.

Every table in the system includes one or more table configurations. Each configuration can display different data. You can define table configurations to show the data you want to see.

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Task Template

A task template is a reusable standard task plan. You can use task templates to create similar standard tasks for more than one asset. For example, you could set up a task template for taking the vibration readings for pumps.

Technology

A technology is a method or tool, such as ultrasonic testing or infrared inspection, used to determine the condition of in-service equipment to measure degradation.

See also PdM Technology.

Template

A template is a group of settings for an object that can be used many times. For example, a task template contains settings that will be used on standard tasks. Having template objects makes the creation of many similar objects quick and easy.

Timecard

A timecard is a document that records information about time an employee has spent on a work order task. Each work order task will have a timesheet with a timecard for each employee.

Timesheet

A timesheet is a document that records labor charges for a work order task. Each work order task will have a timesheet with a timecard for each employee.

Tool

A tool is an item that is used when performing maintenance work, such as a drill. A tool is usually an item that can be used many times. Tools are entered as resources in the APM resource catalog.

Total Cost

The total cost is the total price of the resource multiplied by the quantity.

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Total Price

The total price is the price per unit of the resource, minus any discounts, plus all extra charges and non-recoverable taxes. The system uses the total price in the supplier selection process.

For example, you have:

•	A purchase demand for resource A, with a price of $1.00 each

•	A loaded tax of 7%

•	A recoverable tax of 8%

•	A loaded extra charge of $1.00 per order line

•	A non-loaded extra charge of 1%

The loaded price would be:

$1.00 +$0.07 + $0.01 + $1.00 = $2.08

Recoverable taxes that are charged directly to an account are excluded from the total price.

Trade

A trade is a labor resource that is usually comprised of skilled employees who work for the enterprise, such as mechanics or electricians. Trades can also be used for on-site or job contractors. Trade resources can only use time-based units of measurement (for example, hours or days).

See also Service, On-site Contractor, Job Contractor.

Trade Availability

Trade availability is the number of hours available for the trade on a work schedule. This is the total availability for the trade; it is not the availability per employee. For example, if you have 5 mechanics available, the total mechanic availability may be 200 hours.

Transaction

A transaction is a data entry form in APM that records the costs associated with an activity. Transactions include the following forms:

•

Timecards

•

Issues

•	Adjustments

•

Transfers

•	Transfer Receipts

•	Inventory Returns

•	Vendor Returns

•	Purchase Receipts

•	Invoice Lines

•	Pick Lists

Triggering Cycle

Each time APM generates a work order from a standard job, one triggering cycle has occurred. You can set up standard jobs where one set of tasks is triggered on some cycles, and other sets are triggered on other cycles. For example, you may want tasks A and C to be triggered every week, and task B only every four weeks.

Triggering Rule

Triggering rules tell APM when to create work orders from a standard job or preventive maintenance (PM) route. For example, you might define a triggering rule for a standard job that says “trigger every 30 days OR every 2000 miles.” You can create a triggering rule for each standard job or PM route.

Troubleshooter

Troubleshooters are maintenance tradespeople specifically assigned to handle minor problems that occur everyday. These people can record their time worked using troubleshooter timesheets.

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U

Unit of Measure

Standard terms to indicate quantities such as volume, length, temperature, dates, times, and currencies are called “units of measure”. APM comes with standard North American styles for displaying and entering units of measure. You can change and add units of measure as required by your organization.

Upload

Uploading describes the transfer of data from the remote database to the APM database. Uploading typically involves transferring small amounts of data to the APM database in the form of upload transactions. These transactions are created as the user works in the APM Remote application (for example, when creating a work request or reporting activity). Once uploaded, the transactions are used to replicate in the APM database actions or events which have already been performed on a remote computer. Consequently, the processing of these transactions can be quite involved and will generally be different for each type of transaction.

See also Download and Synchronization.

Useful Life

An asset’s useful life is the age at which there is a rapid increase in the conditional probability of the asset’s failure.

User ID

Each person who uses APM must have a user identification (ID) in the APM database. The APM user login name must match the user’s Windows or Bentley CONNECT login name. You can select one or more security profiles for each user ID and set the user’s privilege level, for example, end-user or administrator.

User Key

A user key is a unique name or number used to identify each instance of an object class. For example, the user key for a Purchase Order might be the Purchase Order Number.

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V

Value List

Value lists contain information that can be used by other objects in the system (such as assets or work orders). Site types and asset statuses are examples of value lists. Users can open a value list object in its own dialog to view or edit the settings. Most value lists are entered during implementation, although you can add to them at any time. Like other site settings, value lists can be accessed through the site’s Administration menu or from the Settings tab on the appropriate view.

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W

Warehouse

A warehouse is a location that stores and tracks warehouse items. Usually, there is one APM warehouse for each controlled inventory location in your enterprise.

Warehouse Item

A warehouse item is a material resource that is stocked in a warehouse. An APM warehouse item is a resource that is linked to a particular warehouse and to rules controlling how the item is replenished.

Warehouse Inventory Group

A warehouse inventory group specifies a group of items contained within a particular warehouse. Each warehouse can have one or more warehouse inventory groups. It is the warehouse inventory group that most users work with on a day-to-day basis.

The name of the warehouse inventory group is made up of a combination of the warehouse name and the name of the linked inventory group. The inventory group allows you to indicate that the warehouse items are either owned by your organization or are consignment inventory. Each supplier with whom you have a consignment agreement has its own inventory group.

See also Inventory Group.

Web Monitor

Administrators use the APM Web Monitor to view the status of target servers and APM services, monitor user activity, send network messages to users, lock the server, view server log files, and perform other server administrative tasks. You can start the Web Monitor from the Server window or APM Server Manager.

Whole Account

A whole account is a GL account that has been entered as a whole number, rather than being derived from segments.

See also Derivation and GL Account Segment.

Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

The work breakdown structure (WBS) is used to build the hierarchy location code of the work order tasks within your projects.

Work Classification

You can use work classifications to group work order tasks into categories relevant for your site. You can then filter and sort lists of tasks by work classification. When you select work classifications for tasks, the list is filtered to include only those classifications that have been defined as valid for the task’s work type. For example, for work order tasks that have a work type of “Corrective,” the list of work classifications would include only those relevant for corrective work.

Work Delay Reason

You can define the common reasons that work is delayed on your site. Users will select these reasons when they are recording work delay time on timecards, equipment failures, or downtime incidents.

Work Document Change Request

Change requests specify updates to be performed on work documents in the external CMMS (for example, SAP) that manages assets and work. AssetWise Enterprise Interoperability (AWEIS) conveys requests to the CMMS and returns updates for the interop documents in APM. APM supports work document change requests for work orders and work requests.

Work Identification Analysis

See Strategy Development Analysis.

Work Order

Work orders are the main documents that you will use to manage your maintenance work. In APM, a work order summarizes one or more work order tasks.

Work Order Group

You can create work order groups to view, sort, and filter lists of work orders by group. Each site can define different work order groups.

Work Order Task

A work order task is a single unit of work that can be performed on an asset. For example, you might create a work order task to inspect a piece of equipment or to collect indicator readings on an asset. A work order task must be part of a work order.

Work Priority

Work priority is a site setting that you can use to describe the urgency of work and the sequence in which it should be completed. For example, “Regular” and “Emergency” may be two priorities used in your organization.

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Work Request

A work request is a document that allows people outside of the maintenance group to submit a request to repair an asset. For example, anyone in a plant could submit a work request if they see a safety guard missing from a piece of equipment. Work requests can be turned into work orders. They are automatically marked as “work completed” when the work order is closed.

Work Standards

Work standards is another term for standard tasks and standard jobs.

See also Standard Task and Standard Job.

Work Started

“Work Started” is a status on a work order or work order task. APM will automatically change the status of the work order or work order task to “Work Started” when you enter labor charges. You can also select this status manually.

Work Trigger

A work trigger is a rule that tells APM when to create a work order from a standard job. You can use triggering rules and triggering cycles to create your work triggers.

See also Triggering Rule and Triggering Cycle.

Work Type

A work type is a site setting that you can use to describe different kinds of work. For example, “Inspection” and “Corrective” might be two work types that you use in your organization.

Work Week

In many organizations, employees can easily associate a week number with a specific calendar week. For example, when a planner sees that a work order is scheduled for Week 29, he or she can quickly translate this to the corresponding date, the week of July 15. You can enter work weeks into APM for use in scheduling.

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