Creating a Degradation Indicator

Numeric indicators can be used to track degradation rates on assets. The degradation rate is used to determine the remaining life (time), remaining degradation allowance (for example, thickness), end-of-life date, and next inspection date for the asset indicator.
Degradation indicators can be created from the Asset window’s Degradation Info tab, as well as from strategy development analyses (MTA2, RCM2, RBI, CPR). They can also be created from scratch and designated as degradation indicators.
On an asset, you can select a representative degradation indicator to make it easier to show the current degradation values. For more information, see Adding Degradation Information to an Asset.
Using the indicator’s collection policies, you can specify how its reading due dates are calculated. You can also set up the indicator’s collection window to define early and late collection periods. You can track collection compliance using table configurations, sidebar dashboards, and KPIs. For information about viewing an indicator’s collection status, see Viewing Indicator Collection Compliance.
Note: Collection policies and windows are not available for rule-based indicators, calculated indicators, cascaded indicators, and indicators collected from an on-line source.
Note: Once degradation information is saved with an indicator, you can no longer edit it by checking out the indicator. Instead, the Change button is available on the Degradation tab. After you change values, the asset’s indicators are updated and their readings’ degradation rates are recalculated. For more information, see Changing an Indicator’s Degradation Rate.
This topic provides information about minimum value calculations and lining degradation, as well as instructions for creating a degradation indicator from an asset that tracks degradation information. Notes are included where the information differs for indicators created from analyses. This topic explains:

Minimum Value Calculations

If the Minimum Value Calculator is supported by the asset type, you can have APM calculate the asset’s minimum degradation value using the formula appropriate to the asset type and design code (for example, API or BSI). Using the Minimum Value Calculations dialog, you can enter the asset’s dimensions and specifications and then click Calculate to arrive at a minimum value. You can try other formulas and inputs and then select the appropriate result to assign to the asset’s degradation information.
Tip: The formulas that are used to create calculations are provided by industry standards organizations, such as API (American Petroleum Industry), BS (British Standards), and ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers). For example, APM provides two versions of the liquid load case calculation for atmospheric storage tanks (API and BS design codes). For information about setting up calculations for your organization, see Creating a Degradation Minimum Value Calculation.

Structural Minimum Thickness for Pipe

If supported by the asset type, the calculated minimum wall thickness for pipe is evaluated against a structural minimum thickness lookup table. The most conservative value is taken; that is, APM applies the greater of the calculated or structural minimum thickness values as the asset minimum wall thickness.
The Structural Minimum tab appears in the Asset window, Properties view, Degradation Info tab. After calculating the minimum value, select the Structural Minimum tab to see whether the structural minimum value was applied. For example:
Other possible statuses are Not applicable, Not applied, No applicable structural minimum thickness, and No minimum value found.
For more information, see Setting up Structural Minimum Thickness Lookup Tables.

Lining Degradation

If the asset’s properties support lining or coating, you can set up degradation information for it. After you have set the initial values, the lining’s remaining life is tracked using the life adjustment factor, which is a portion of the lining’s by-design life span, for example, one tenth of its original estimated life. The factor is used to estimate the lining’s remaining life based on its condition at the time of inspection.
The life adjustment factor can be set manually, or it can be determined using strategy development analysis. See To Evaluate Confidence Factors in “Performing Risk Analysis for RBI Failure Modes”.
Lining delays the date when the asset’s degradation starts. The calculation used to determine the asset’s end of life uses the lining’s end date in place of the asset’s degradation start date. That is, asset degradation begins when the lining no longer protects it.
The Degradation Charts dialog shows the impact of lining life on the asset’s degradation rate. For example:
The calculation used to determine the indicator’s next inspection date uses the lining’s end date if it is earlier than the collection frequency and the regulatory frequency.
Note: When the lining information is updated, for example by an indicator reading, all of the asset’s degradation rates are also updated: short-term, long-term, asset design, indicator design, inspector, and up to three custom rates.

To Create the Indicator

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Open the asset that tracks degradation information. In the Properties view, select the Degradation Info tab and the Degradation Indicators tab.
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Click New. The Create New Indicator dialog appears.
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Click OK to create a single indicator from scratch. The Indicator window opens.
The asset’s name, description, identification, and degradation information are copied to the indicator.
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On the Properties view, General tab:
Select an indicator type that supports degradation tracking from the Indicator type list. The Type of value box says “numeric.”
The tabs in the window change to reflect the indicator type. For example:
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Make a selection from the Collection method list.
If they are to be entered automatically by online collection devices, select Collected from an on-line source. The Online Data Source tab is added. See Configuring Indicators for ODC.
If they are to be calculated, select Calculated using a formula. The Calculation tab is added. See Creating a Calculated Cumulative Indicator.
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On the Collection tab, you can enter values that determine how often readings are expected and the next collection date. You can also enter information to make it easier to select this indicator when adding indicators to a work order task or standard task, when copying indicators to another asset, when setting up dynamic inspection routes, or when implementing reliability programs.
When you are creating an indicator from a strategy development analysis (MTA2, RCM2, RBI, CPR), the searching values (frequency, regulatory frequency, trade, operating condition, maintenance group, and technology) can be copied from the associated action plan, if the analysis’ indicator settings allow it. In this case, you need only verify the values.
Note: Any changes that you make to the searching values are not copied to the indicator’s associated action plan.
Review and select values, as appropriate:
Note: If you are creating the indicator from an RBI analysis, the inspection factor is determined by the risk and confidence evaluations. The Inspection factor and RBI boxes are updated when the failure mode is marked Facilitation or Implementation Complete.
Tip: If the technology is linked to an asset type that is used to collect indicator readings, you can identify the measurement device on indicator readings and checksheets.
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If the indicator type allows measurement points, select the Measurement tab and the Measurement Points tab. For information about using this tab, see Adding Measurement Points to an Indicator.
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Select the Measurement tab and the Limits tab to set limits on the values that users can enter in readings. For example, if you enter a minimum value of 0.000 Celsius, a user who enters a negative number when recording a reading will receive the message, “The value entered cannot be less than 0.000 Celsius.”
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Select Enforce minimum value when entering readings and Enforce maximum value when entering readings, as appropriate.
When minimum and maximum values are enforced, the Reading limits apply to measurement points option is selected by default. You can clear this option to exclude measurement point readings in the limits set on the indicator. In this case, limits apply to the total value of the reading, rather than to individual point readings. This is useful, for example, when the sum of measurement point readings must equal a specific value or range.
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Select the Measurement tab and then the Instructions tab.
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Select the Collection Requirements tab.
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If the indicator type supports subtypes or surveys, you can select the Survey and Subtypes tab to review information. For example:
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If the indicator type allows these settings to be overridden on individual indicators, you can clear Use indicator type survey and subtype settings. The default indicator and survey type settings appear on the right as a reference, and you can edit each option as needed. For example:
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Select the Collection Policies tab.
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All readings – The indicator’s next reading due date is recalculated whenever a reading is processed
Non-alarm readings only – The indicator’s next reading due date is recalculated only when a normal (non-alarm) reading is processed. Select this option if an alarm situation must be resolved and confirmed by a normal reading before regular collection resumes
Tip: On an alarm acknowledgment, you can request a follow-up reading and the time period for collecting it (for example, 10 days). For more information, see Acknowledging Indicator Alarms and Warnings.
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Select the Collection Window tab to enable reading compliance tracking. Select Collection window supported to set up reading tolerances.
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Collection window is based on a percentage of the indicator’s frequency – Enter percentages in the Early collection and Late collection boxes.
For example, if the frequency is 10 years and you enter 10.00 in both boxes, the early collection period ends one year before the due date. The late collection period begins one year after the due date. The on-time collection period extends from the end of the early collection period to the beginning of the late collection period.
Note: This option is not available if a frequency has not been selected on the General tab, Collection tab.
Collection window is based on a calendar period – Select the period: Day, Week, Month, or Year. The collection periods have the following characteristics:
Day – The early collection date is 00:00:01 on the due date, and the late collection date is 23:59:59 on the due date.
Week – The early collection date is the first day of the week (at 00:00:01) in which the due date falls. The late collection date is the last day of the week (at 23:59:59) in which the due date falls.
Month – The early collection date is the first day of the month (at 00:00:01) in which the due date falls. The late collection date is the last day of the month (at 23:59:59) in which the due date falls.
Year – The early collection date is the first day of the year (at 00:00:01) in which the due date falls. The late collection date is the last day of the year (at (23:59:59) in which the due date falls.
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Tip: Readings taken between the early and late dates are considered “on time”. The indicator’s collection status is “Coming due” when the early collection date is in the future but the current date is within the site’s compliance horizon (30 days by default).
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Select the States and Alarms tab to add states to the indicator, if required. For more information, see Adding States and Alarms to an Indicator or Template.
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Select the Candidates tab.
If APM has been configured to exchange data with an external CMMS using AssetWise Enterprise Interoperability (AWEIS), the Candidates tab displays tables listing solution packages and corrective tasks associated with this indicator. For example:
On this tab, you can suggest standard jobs (APM), solution packages (AWEIS), standard tasks, and templates to users who are acknowledging alarms or warnings. When users acknowledge alarms or warnings for the indicator, APM prompts them with the list so that they can create work orders.
Note: If you are creating the indicator during a strategy development analysis (MTA2, RCM2, RBI, CPR), the action plan’s corrective tasks and jobs or solution packages are automatically added to the indicator when the action plan is marked “Implementation Completed”.
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To add a corrective job (APM), solution package (AWEIS), or task to the list, click Browse. Select the item that you want to add, and then click OK.
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If APM interoperability has been set up to access data in SAP Plant Maintenance, the SAP Corrective Tasks tab is available. Select this tab to browse for SAP objects for reference purposes. You can add maintenance items, maintenance plans, and task lists.

To Add Degradation Information

1.
Select the Degradation tab. Track degradation using this indicator is selected and the asset design information is shown.
Note: If the current asset does not record degradation information, APM takes the information from the asset’s parent, grand, or great-grand parent, if available.
Note: If you are creating the indicator from a strategy development analysis, the rate type is set to “Analysis rate”.
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If the information is different for this indicator, select At this measurement location, the degradation parameters are different from the asset design.
The Rate type to use changes to “Indicator rate”, and the Indicator Rate tab is added. For example:
The unit of measure is provided by the asset type.
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The Designed degradation allowance area contains the following information:
Note: If the asset type supports minimum value calculations, you can select a calculation using the Minimum Value Calculations tab. Then click Calculate to arrive at the minimum value. For more information, see To Calculate the Minimum Degradation Value.
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On the Details tab, the Expected yearly degradation rate area provides the following information:
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The Expected life as designed area provides the following information:
Tip: Click Chart to view a graphical version of the information. For example:
As readings are entered for the indicator, this chart shows the results. Click Close the close the window.

To Calculate the Minimum Degradation Value

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Click Calculate next to the Minimum value box. The Minimum Value Calculations dialog appears.
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Click to add a calculation. If available, select a calculation from the Asset type calculation list. The calculation values are added to the dialog. For example:
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The Calculation identification area shows the calculation and asset type, design code, and design code minimum from the asset type. You can select another asset type calculation from the list, if appropriate.
Note: If the calculation result is less than the value shown in Design code minimum, the design code minimum is used instead of the calculation result.
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The Calculation area displays the panel assigned to the calculation, which differs depending on the calculation’s design. Enter the values and units of measure to be used to calculate the minimum. Any existing values are supplied by the asset’s or its parent’s subtype or specification properties.
If you are using one of the calculations provided with APM for atmospheric storage tanks, use the following units of measure:
If you are working with a pipe asset, the asset type might support a structural minimum thickness lookup table. After calculating the minimum value, select the Structural Minimum tab to see whether the structural minimum value was applied. For example:
Other possible statuses are Not applicable, Not applied, No applicable structural minimum thickness, and No minimum value found.
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Tip: To see the results in more detail, click the View Results icon . The Calculation Results dialog shows you the value calculated and data availability. Select the Results by Variable tab to view the calculation expression and the result values for each variable.
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Tip: You can view the different calculation pages using the navigation buttons:
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When you have decided on the minimum value to use, click Mark as Selected. The Selected calculation option is selected.
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Click OK to close the dialog. The Minimum value box shows the result of the calculation.
Tip: You can view, edit, and add calculations using the Minimum Value Calculations tab.

To Add Lining Degradation Information

Note: The lining tracking indicator is typically a descriptive indicator on the asset with lining properties. Readings for this indicator do not automatically update the lining degradation information.
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If the asset has lining properties, the Lining tab is available. Select it to set degradation information for the lining.
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Click Lining is applicable and tracked by lining life and life adjustment factor. For example:
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To Set Options for the Indicator

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Select the Options tab and the Graphics tab.
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Amount of time (for example, weeks, months, years) for which to show indicator readings. When this option is enabled, the Indicator window’s Readings view, Readings tab displays readings for this amount of time, ending with the next reading date. This setting also affects how KPI readings are displayed on dashboards.
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On the Options tab, select the Work Orders tab. On this tab you can:
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Tip: When you save the indicator, the Readings, Degradation Dashboard, and Usage views are added to the Indicator window.

To Select a Representative Indicator

In the Asset window, Degradation Indicators tab, select an indicator in the Representative degradation indicator for this asset area. The representative indicator is used to show current degradation values for the asset. You can browse to select a degradation indicator from the asset’s parent or child assets.