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Operators for Calculation Variables

You can use any of the following operators in your calculation. Each of the operators can be used with any number, a variable that represents a numeric indicator reading, or a calculation that results in a number.

•	Arithmetic Operators

•	Trigonometric and Exponential Operators

•	Rounding Operators

•	Conversion Operators

•	Order of Evaluating Operators

•	Functions and Logical Operators

Arithmetic Operators

To:	Type this:	Description:
Add	+	Adds numbers Example: Indicator1 + Indicator2 Current value of Indicator1 = 25 Current value of Indicator2 = 32 Result = 57
Divide	/	Divides two numbers and returns a floating decimal-point result Example: Indicator1 / 2 Current value of Indicator1 = 25 Result = 12.5
Divide Integers	\	Divides two numbers and returns an integer result Example: Indicator1 \ 2 Current value of Indicator1 = 25 Result = 13
Find Modulus	Mod	Divides two numbers and returns only the remainder as an integer Example: Indicator1 Mod Indicator2 Current value of Indicator1 = 19 Current value of Indicator2 = 6.7 Result = 5
Multiply	*	Multiplies two numbers Example: Indicator1 * Indicator2 Current value of Indicator1 = 19 Current value of Indicator2 = 6.7 Result = 127.3
Raise to power of (Exponentiation)	^	Raises a number to the power of an exponent Example: Indicator1 ^ 2 Current value of Indicator1 = 19 Result = 361
Subtract	-	Finds the difference between two numbers, or indicates the negative value of a numeric expression Example: Indicator1 - Indicator2 Current value of Indicator1 = 19 Current value of Indicator2 = 6.7 Result = 12.3

Trigonometric and Exponential Operators

In this table, “x” represents any numeric constant, numeric indicator, or a calculation that results in a number.

To:	Type this:	Description:
Find Arctangent	Atn(x)	Returns the arctangent of x in radians The Atn function takes the ratio of two sides of a right triangle (number) and returns the corresponding angle in radians. The ratio is the length of the side opposite the angle divided by the length of the side adjacent to the angle. The range of the result is -pi/2 to pi/2 radians. Example: To include pi in your calculation: (4 * Atn(1))
Find Cosine	Cos(x)	Returns the cosine of angle x, where x is in radians Example: To calculate the secant of the angle 1.3: 1 / Cos(1.3)
Find Sine	Sin(x)	Returns the sine of angle x, where x is in radians Example: To calculate the cosecant of the angle 1.3: 1 / Sin(1.3)
Find Tangent	Tan(x)	Returns the tangent of angle x, where x is in radians Example: To calculate the cotangent of the angle 1.3: 1 / Tan(1.3)
Find an Exponent of e	Exp(x)	Returns e (the base of natural logarithms) raised to the power of x Note: If the value x exceeds 709.782712893, an error occurs. The constant e is approximately 2.718282 Example: To calculate HSin of the angle 1.3: (Exp(1.3) - Exp(-1 * 1.3)) / 2
Find Log	Log(x)	Returns the natural logarithm of x The natural logarithm is the logarithm to the base e. The constant e is approximately 2.718282. Example: To calculate the base-10 logarithm for the number 50 [Log10(50)], divide the natural logarithm of 50 by the natural logarithm of 10 as follows: Log(50) / Log(10)
Find Square Root	Sqr(x)	Returns the square root of x, where x is a number greater than zero Example: To calculate the square root of an indicator reading: Sqr(Indicator1)
Get a Random Number	Rnd(x)	The Rnd function returns a value less than 1 but greater than or equal to 0. The value of x determines how Rnd generates a random number: If x is: Less than zero Rnd generates: The same number every time, using x as the seed If x is: Greater than zero Rnd generates: The next random number in the sequence If x is: Equal to zero Rnd generates: The most recently generated number If x is: Not supplied Rnd generates: The next random number in the sequence For any given initial seed, the same number sequence is generated because each successive call to the Rnd function uses the previous number as a seed for the next number in the sequence. Example: To produce random numbers between 5 and 10, use this formula: ((10 - 5 + 1) * Rnd + 5)

Rounding Operators

In this table, “x” represents any numeric constant, numeric indicator, or a calculation that results in a number.

To:	Type this:	Description:
Find Absolute Value	Abs(x)	Returns the absolute value of x The absolute value of a number is its unsigned magnitude. Example: Abs(-20.5) and Abs(20.5) both return 20.5
Round to Integer	Int(x) Or Fix(x)	Returns the integer portion of x Both Int and Fix remove the fractional part of x and return the resulting integer value. The difference between Int and Fix is that if x is negative, Int returns the first negative integer less than or equal to x, whereas Fix returns the first negative integer greater than or equal to x. Example: Int(99.8) Returns 99 Fix(99.2) Returns 99 Int(-99.8) Returns -100 Fix(-99.8) Returns -99 Int(-99.2) Returns -100 Fix(-99.2) Returns -99
Round to a number of decimal places	Round(x, y)	Returns x rounded to y decimal places, where y is the number of decimal places If y is omitted, the function returns integers. Example: To round the reading of Indicator1 to 2 decimal places: Round(Indicator1, 2)
Find the Sign of a Number	Sgn(x)	Returns an integer indicating the sign of a number. Example: Indicator1 = 12; Indicator2 = -2.4; Indicator3 = 0 Sgn(Indicator1) Returns 1 Sgn(Indicator2) Returns -1 Sgn(Indicator3) Returns 0

Conversion Operators

In this table, “x” represents any numeric constant, numeric indicator, or a calculation that results in a number.

To:	Type this:	Description:
Convert to Hexadecimal	Hex(x)	Returns a string representing the hexadecimal value of x If x is not already a whole number, it is rounded to the nearest whole number before being evaluated Example: Hex(5) Returns 5 Hex(10) Returns A Hex(459) Returns 1CB
Convert to Octadecimal	Oct(x)	Returns a string representing the octal value of x If x is not already a whole number, it is rounded to the nearest whole number before being evaluated Example: Oct(4) Returns 4 Oct(8) Returns 10 Oct(459) Returns 713

Order of Evaluating Operators

When you include more than one operator in a calculation, each part is evaluated and resolved in a predetermined order:

Order	Operator	Description
1	^	Exponentiation
2	-	Negation: Makes a number negative
3	* /	Multiplication and Division: When together in an expression, they are evaluated from left to right
4	\	Integer Division
5	Mod	Modulus
6	+ -	Addition and Subtraction: When together in an expression, they are evaluated from left to right

To force parts of a calculation to be evaluated before other parts, you can include those parts in brackets. For example:

(Indicator1 + Indicator2) * 2 will add the two variables first, then multiply the result by 2

Indicator1 + Indicator2 * 2 will multiply Indicator2 by 2, then add the result to Indicator1

Operations within brackets are always performed before those outside. Operators within brackets are evaluated in the normal order.

Functions and Logical Operators

A function is a series of VB.NET or C# statements that return a value. You can use functions to create a calculation for a calculated indicator or asset health calculation that includes logical operators such as IF, AND, OR, and so on. For example, you could do this if you want a calculation that includes an IF THEN statement.

Note: To create a calculation using a function, you should be familiar with VB.NET or C# scripting.

For example:

VB.NET

If A > B Then

return A

Else

return B

End if

C#

if (A > B)

{

return A;

]

else

[

return B;

}

Where A and B are the argument names.

A function returns a value by assigning a value to the function’s name in one or more statements of the procedure. The return data type of a function is always a Variant.

Calculation Inputs and Argument Names

In order for a function to work, the calculation input names defined for the indicator must match the arguments named in the function. Therefore, in this example you must also define calculation inputs named “A” and “B”. This is similar to entering a regular calculation expression.

When you define a calculation for an indicator without functions, the system processes the calculation by wrapping your expression in a function statement. For example, if your calculation is A / B, the system processes it as:

A / B

When you create a calculation by defining your own function, the system behaves similarly: in the first line of the statement the system inserts your calculation input names as arguments for the function. This means that you can leave the arguments for the function blank. However, for your own record-keeping, you will probably want to enter the argument names anyway.

Note: Your calculation input names must match the names of the arguments used in the function.

Logical Operators and Statements

With functions, you can use the following logical operators or statements in your calculation. :

Operator or Statement	Description	Syntax
AND	Performs a logical conjunction on two expressions. That is, if, and only if, both expressions evaluate to True, result is True. If either expression evaluates to False, result is False.	result = expression1 AND expression2
NOT	Performs logical negation on an expression. In addition, the Not operator inverts the bit values of any variable and sets the corresponding bit in result. E.g. if the bit in expression is 0, bit in result is 1.	result = NOT expression
OR	Performs a logical disjunction on two expressions. That is, if either or both expressions evaluate to True, result is True.	result = expression1 OR expression2
XOR	Performs a logical exclusion on two expressions. That is, if one, and only one, of the expressions evaluates to True, result is True. However, if either expression is Null, result is also Null.	result = expression1 Xor expression2
If Then Else Statement	Conditionally executes a group of statements, depending on the value of an expression.	If condition Then [statements] [ElseIf condition-n Then [elseifstatements]] . . . [Else [elsestatements]] End If
Select Case Statement	Executes one of several groups of statements, depending on the value of an expression.	Select Case testexpression [Case expressionlist-n [statements-n]] . . . [Case Else expressionlist-n [elsestatements-n]] End Select